首先在docker中安装openssh-server,安装完毕后切换到openssh-server的安装目录/etc/ssh下面。
运行ssh-keygen生成对应的密钥。
先看看sshd的配置文件sshd_config，里面有如下内容：
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
有rsa,dsa,ecdsa,ed25519的加密方式，根据这几种加密方式来生成对应的密钥对。
[root@655f62a4ed82 ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa //生成rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 0e:fa:07:36:bb:87:c1:60:14:be:41:41:01:1b:4b:bc root@655f62a4ed82 The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | .+o*+ | | ..*. | | ooo | | E oo | | ..o. S | | .*o | | .. *. | | .o o | | o+ | +-----------------+ [root@655f62a4ed82 ssh]# ssh-keygen -t dsa //生成dsa Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: ee:8c:db:a8:24:68:0d:33:79:eb:09:33:ed:74:c3:66 root@655f62a4ed82 The key's randomart image is: +--[ DSA 1024]----+ | | | | | | | . | | = . S | | .B o . | |.=.=.E . | |. Bo= .* | | +..+.+ | +-----------------+ [root@655f62a4ed82 ssh]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa //生成ecdsa Generating public/private ecdsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 84:74:de:d1:e4:98:a1:5c:27:25:8e:b7:d6:27:fd:c9 root@655f62a4ed82 The key's randomart image is: +--[ECDSA 256]---+ | . . *++ | | . = * X. | | . * * . | | . . o . | | S o o o | | . o...| | E.| | | | | +-----------------+ [root@655f62a4ed82 ssh]# ssh-keygen -t ed25519 Generating public/private ed25519 key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_ed25519): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ed25519. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub. The key fingerprint is: d8:40:95:1f:07:96:8a:83:7f:af:19:01:3b:b4:79:91 root@655f62a4ed82 The key's randomart image is: +--[ED25519 256--+ | ....oo | | . .oo . | | .+.Eo o | | ..oO... | | .*.S | | .o.. | | ... | | o. | | o. | +-----------------+ [root@655f62a4ed82 ssh]# cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
密钥对生成完毕后，需要修改sshd_config中上述文件所在的位置的。
HostKey /root/.ssh/id_rsa HostKey /root/.ssh/id_dsa HostKey /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa HostKey /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
运行/usr/sbin/sshd,查看22端口号是否开启，开启说明启动成功。
[root@655f62a4ed82 ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd [root@655f62a4ed82 ssh]# lsof -i:22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 37 root 3u IPv4 250907 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 37 root 4u IPv6 250909 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
补充知识：Docker容器内运行sshd进程，远程登录闪退(Exit status 254)
注：
背景
在容器内运行了一个sshd进程，映射出一个端口供外部远程连接。可以每次连接的时候，输入密码后立即就退出了，现象如下：
[root@localhost /]# ssh root@192.168.0.6 -p 8000 root@192.168.0.6's password: Last login: Tue Nov 6 14:46:17 2018 from 192.168.0.6 Connection to 192.168.0.6 closed.
查看调试信息，最后退出的打印如下：
...... Connection to 192.168.0.6 closed. Transferred: sent 2264, received 2224 bytes, in 0.0 seconds Bytes per second: sent 235367.6, received 231209.1 debug1: Exit status 254
分析
从打印来看，已经有Last login的信息，所以密码肯定是输入正确的，也已经登录系统，那就是在初始化的环境的时候跪了。首先考虑了hosts.deny的配置，注释相关配置后问题依旧。
网上有说注释sshd配置文件中的UsePAM配置，也就是不使用pam鉴权模块，
#UsePAM yes
修改完重启sshd进程，这下果然可以了。至于原因，清一色的说是什么默认配置下，启用了超时断开连接功能。这就是在扯，默认的链接断开时间不可能这么短，而且为什么在非docker环境下sshd进程运行是正常的。我是不接受这个理由的。那就再看看呗。不使用pam鉴权就没问题，于是又挨个把/etc/pam.d/里和sshd相关的配置一个一个注释，还是没发现问题所在。
这时想到可以看看pam的日志，应该有些提示吧。顺带提一下， RedHat和CentOS的pam日志存放在/var/log/secure中，Ubuntu和Debian在 /var/log/auth.log中存储认证信息。
果然，pam里有错误信息，
Nov 6 15:36:56 bbb sshd[11016]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.0.6 port 56394 ssh2 Nov 6 15:36:56 bbb sshd[11016]: pam_limits(sshd:session): Could not set limit for 'nproc': Operation not permitted Nov 6 15:36:56 bbb sshd[11016]: pam_limits(sshd:session): Could not set limit for 'nofile': Operation not permitted Nov 6 15:36:56 bbb sshd[11016]: pam_limits(sshd:session): Could not set limit for 'memlock': Operation not permitted Nov 6 15:36:56 bbb sshd[11016]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Nov 6 15:36:56 bbb sshd[11016]: error: PAM: pam_open_session(): Permission denied Nov 6 15:36:56 bbb sshd[11016]: Received disconnect from 192.168.0.6: 11: disconnected by user
可见，这是由于设置nproc、nofile、memlock等参数权限不够而导致，而这些配置是在pam组件里，由以下两个文件保存配置，
/etc/security/limits.conf
/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
将这两个文件里面的相关设置注释，打开pam鉴权，ssh连接成功了。这才是问题所在。
另外还有其他方法
1、因为是由于权限不够导致，那就在启动容器的时候带上--privileged参数，使用特权用户，同样可以解决该问题
2、因为是在配置ulimits时错误，那么可以在启动容器时使用--ulimit=[]参数来配置
以上这篇在docker中开启sshd操作就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。
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