原文：https://makeoptim.com/kubernetes/logging
日志收集是微服务可观测性中不可或缺的一部分。日志对于调试问题和监视集群状况非常有用。
虽然我们可以通过 docker logs 或者 kubectl logs 来查看日志信息。但是，如果容器错误了、Pod 被驱逐了或者节点挂了，那么获取的日志将是不完整的。因此，日志应该独立于节点、Pod 和 容器的生命周期，拥有独立的后端存储。并且，一旦日志量大的时候，通过 kubectl logs 查找数据也是相当费力的。因此，日志系统还需要具备分析和查询的能力。
日志收集方案一般来说主要有以下三种方案：
详见 https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/
EFK(Elasticsearch、Fluentd、Kibana）是当下 Kubernetes 中比较流行的日志收集解决方案，也是官方比较推荐的一种方案。
Elasticsearch 是一个分布式、RESTful 风格的搜索和数据分析引擎，非常适用于索引和搜索大量日志数据。
Kibana 是一个免费且开放的 Elasticsearch 数据可视化 Dashboard。Kibana 允许你通过 web 界面进行各种操作，从跟踪查询负载，到理解请求如何流经您的整个应用，都能轻松完成。
Fluentd 是一个开源的数据收集器，我们可以在 Kubernetes 集群节点上安装 Fluentd，通过获取容器日志文件、过滤和转换日志数据，然后将数据传递到 Elasticsearch 集群，在该集群中对其进行索引和存储。
EFK 利用部署在每个节点上的 Fluentd 采集 Kubernetes 节点服务器的 /var/log 和 /var/lib/docker/container 两个目录下的日志，然后传到 Elasticsearch 中。最后，用户通过访问 Kibana 来查询日志。
具体过程如下：
在部署 EFK 之前，我们先创建一个命名空间（logging），用于存放日志收集相关的资源。
kubectl create namespace logging
注：Kubernetes 官方将 EFK 作为 addon 的形式提供，详见 https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch。
由于 Elasticsearch 需要存储日志数据。因此，需要先为其准备一个 PVC。
注：这里以阿里云静态磁盘为例，如果是其他平台，根据平台创建 PVC 的教程创建即可。
# es-pvc.yaml
# https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/128557.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.751.9583639dOYa1vx
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: d-wzdswfrdctmdetr1s0hty
labels:
alicloud-pvname: d-wzdswfrdctmdetr1s0hty
failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone: cn-shenzhen-a
failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region: cn-shenzhen
spec:
capacity:
storage: 100Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
flexVolume:
driver: "alicloud/disk"
fsType: "ext4"
options:
volumeId: "d-wzdswfrdctmdetr1s0hty"
---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: elasticsearch-pvc
namespace: logging
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 20Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
alicloud-pvname: d-wzdswfrdctmdetr1s0hty
接下来，准备 Elasticsearch 部署文件。
注：官网 addon 中 Elasticsearch 以 StatefulSet 部署了多个实例。这里为求简单，使用单节点的 Elasticsearch 形式部署。正式环境中，推荐使用 addon 中的部署方式，提高可用性。
# es-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: elasticsearch
namespace: logging
labels:
app: elasticsearch
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: elasticsearch
labels:
app: elasticsearch
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- "services"
- "namespaces"
- "endpoints"
verbs:
- "get"
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
namespace: logging
name: elasticsearch
labels:
app: elasticsearch
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: elasticsearch
namespace: logging
apiGroup: ""
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: elasticsearch
apiGroup: ""
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: elasticsearch
namespace: logging
labels:
app: elasticsearch
version: v7.4.2
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: elasticsearch
version: v7.4.2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: elasticsearch
version: v7.4.2
spec:
serviceAccountName: elasticsearch
containers:
# 使用官方 addon 镜像
- image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss:7.4.2
name: elasticsearch
resources:
limits:
memory: "3Gi"
cpu: 1000m
requests:
memory: "2Gi"
cpu: 100m
env:
# 单节点部署
- name: discovery.type
value: single-node
# 命名空间
- name: NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
# 官方 addon 中默认的服务名称是 elasticsearch-logging，因此，这里需要做对应修改，详见 https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch/es-image/elasticsearch_logging_discovery.go
- name: ELASTICSEARCH_SERVICE_NAME
value: "elasticsearch"
# 这里部署的是单节点模式，因此，这里需要做对应修改，详见 https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch/es-image/elasticsearch_logging_discovery.go
- name: MINIMUM_MASTER_NODES
value: "1"
ports:
- containerPort: 9200
name: db
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9300
name: transport
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: elasticsearch
mountPath: /data
volumes:
- name: elasticsearch
# PVC 存储
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: elasticsearch-pvc
# es-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: elasticsearch
namespace: logging
labels:
app: elasticsearch
spec:
ports:
- port: 9200
protocol: TCP
targetPort: db
selector:
app: elasticsearch
执行以下命令，部署 Elasticsearch。
kubectl apply -f es-pvc.yaml
kubectl apply -f es-deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f es-service.yaml
部署完毕后，可以通过 _cluster/state 接口来检查 Elasticsearch 是否正常运行。使用以下命令将本地端口 9200 转发到 Elasticsearch 对应的端口：
kubectl port-forward $(kubectl -n logging get pod -l app=elasticsearch -o jsOnpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') 9200:9200 --namespace=logging
然后，另起一个终端窗口，执行以下请求：
curl http://localhost:9200/_cluster/state?pretty
查看，是否有类似以下信息：
{
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "-uCUuWy6SumxRSe08YlkiA",
"version" : 182,
"state_uuid" : "QoacqUarTRKEzttbULFOiA",
"master_node" : "9Ih9yHh_SBiinI9CkODNyA",
"blocks" : { },
"nodes" : {
"9Ih9yHh_SBiinI9CkODNyA" : {
"name" : "elasticsearch-86c85f5b49-sh285",
"ephemeral_id" : "HsQLA9BRTgq1EfqZaadweQ",
"transport_address" : "172.20.0.152:9300",
"attributes" : { }
}
},
"metadata" : {
"cluster_uuid" : "-uCUuWy6SumxRSe08YlkiA",
"cluster_coordination" : {
"term" : 1,
"last_committed_config" : [
"9Ih9yHh_SBiinI9CkODNyA"
],
"last_accepted_config" : [
"9Ih9yHh_SBiinI9CkODNyA"
],
"voting_config_exclusions" : [ ]
},
......
若能看到以上信息，表明 Elasticsearch 已部署成功。
准备 Kibana 部署文件。
# kibana-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kibana
namespace: logging
labels:
app: kibana
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: kibana
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: kibana
spec:
containers:
- name: kibana
image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana-oss:7.2.0
resources:
limits:
memory: "256Mi"
cpu: 1000m
requests:
memory: "128Mi"
cpu: 100m
env:
- name: ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS
# 由于在同一个命名空间内，所以可以直接通过服务名 elasticsearch 访问到 Elasticsearch
value: http://elasticsearch:9200
ports:
- containerPort: 5601
name: ui
protocol: TCP
# kibana-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kibana
namespace: logging
labels:
app: kibana
spec:
ports:
- port: 5601
protocol: TCP
targetPort: ui
selector:
app: kibana
执行以下命令，部署 Kibana。
kubectl apply -f kibana-deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f kibana-service.yaml
部署完成后，可执行以下命令将本地端口 5601 转发到 Kibana 对应的端口：
kubectl -n logging port-forward $(kubectl -n logging get pod -l app=kibana -o jsOnpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') 5601:5601 &
然后访问 http://127.0.0.1:5601 即可看到 Kibana 页面。
部署 Fluentd 需要为其准备 ConfigMap。该 ConfigMap 用来描述 Fluentd 如何采集、处理日志数据。
注：Fluentd 配置项详见 https://docs.fluentd.org/。
# fluentd-es-configmap.yaml
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-es-config-v0.2.0
namespace: logging
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
# 系统配置，默认即可
system.conf: |-
root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/
# 容器日志—收集配置
containers.input.conf: |-
# 配置数据源为 tail 模式，不断获取 docker 容器的日志，并标记为 raw.kubernetes.*
@id fluentd-containers.log
@type tail #Fluentd 内置的输入方式，表示不停地从源文件中获取新的日志。https://docs.fluentd.org/input/tail
path /var/log/containers/*.log #Docker容器日志地址
pos_file /var/log/es-containers.log.pos #存储最近读取日志的位置，https://docs.fluentd.org/input/tail#pos_file-highly-recommended
tag raw.kubernetes.* #设置日志标签
read_from_head true #从头读取日志文件 https://docs.fluentd.org/input/tail#read_from_head
#多行格式化成JSON
@type multi_format #使用multi-format-parser解析器插件
format json #JSON解析器
time_key time #指定事件时间的时间字段
time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ #时间格式
format /^(?.+) (?stdout|stderr) [^ ]* (?.*)$/
time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%:z
# 匹配到 raw.kubernetes.* 时，检测异常，并将其作为一条日志转发 https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/fluent-plugin-detect-exceptions
# 匹配tag为 raw.kubernetes.* 的日志信息
@id raw.kubernetes
@type detect_exceptions # 使用detect-exceptions插件处理异常栈信息
remove_tag_prefix raw # 移除 raw 前缀
message log
stream stream
multiline_flush_interval 5
max_bytes 500000
max_lines 1000
# 拼接多行日志
@id filter_concat #Fluentd Filter插件，用于连接多个事件中分隔的多行日志。
@type concat
key message
multiline_end_regexp /n$/
separator ""
# 日志中加入 Kubernetes metadata https://github.com/fabric8io/fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter
@id filter_kubernetes_metadata
@type kubernetes_metadata
# 修复 ElasticSearch 中的 JSON 字段 https://github.com/repeatedly/fluent-plugin-multi-format-parser
@id filter_parser
@type parser #multi-format-parser多格式解析器插件
key_name log #在要解析的记录中指定字段名称
reserve_data true #在解析结果中保留原始键值对
remove_key_name_field true #key_name解析成功后删除字段
@type multi_format
format json
format none
# Kubernetes 集群节点机器上的日志收集
system.input.conf: |-
# Kubernetes minion节点日志信息，可以去掉
# Example:
# 2015-12-21 23:17:22,066 [salt.state ][INFO ] Completed state [net.ipv4.ip_forward] at time 23:17:22.066081
#
# @id minion
# @type tail
# format /^(?[^ ]* [^ ,]*)[^[]*[[^]]*][(?[^ ]]*) *] (?.*)$/
# time_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
# path /var/log/salt/minion
# pos_file /var/log/salt.pos
# tag salt
#
# 启动脚本日志，可以去掉
# Example:
# Dec 21 23:17:22 gke-foo-1-1-4b5cbd14-node-4eoj startupscript: Finished running startup script /var/run/google.startup.script
#
# @id startupscript.log
# @type tail
# format syslog
# path /var/log/startupscript.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-startupscript.log.pos
# tag startupscript
#
# Docker 程序日志，可以去掉
# Examples:
# time="2016-02-04T06:51:03.053580605Z" level=info msg="GET /containers/json"
# time="2016-02-04T07:53:57.505612354Z" level=error msg="HTTP Error" err="No such image: -f" statusCode=404
# TODO(random-liu): Remove this after cri container runtime rolls out.
#
# @id docker.log
# @type tail
# format /^time="(?[^"]*)" level=(?[^ ]*) msg="(?[^"]*)"( err="(?[^"]*)")?( statusCode=($d+))?/
# path /var/log/docker.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-docker.log.pos
# tag docker
#
# ETCD 日志，因为ETCD现在默认启动到容器中，采集容器日志顺便就采集了，可以去掉
# Example:
# 2016/02/04 06:52:38 filePurge: successfully removed file /var/etcd/data/member/wal/00000000000006d0-00000000010a23d1.wal
#
# @id etcd.log
# @type tail
# # Not parsing this, because it doesn't have anything particularly useful to
# # parse out of it (like severities).
# format none
# path /var/log/etcd.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-etcd.log.pos
# tag etcd
#
# Kubelet 日志，可以去掉
# Multi-line parsing is required for all the kube logs because very large log
# statements, such as those that include entire object bodies, get split into
# multiple lines by glog.
# Example:
# I0204 07:32:30.020537 3368 server.go:1048] POST /stats/container/: (13.972191ms) 200 [[Go-http-client/1.1] 10.244.1.3:40537]
#
# @id kubelet.log
# @type tail
# format multiline
# multiline_flush_interval 5s
# format_firstline /^wd{4}/
# format1 /^(?w)(?d{4} [^s]*)s+(?d+)s+(?[^ ]]+)] (?.*)/
# time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
# path /var/log/kubelet.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-kubelet.log.pos
# tag kubelet
#
# Kube-proxy 日志，可以去掉
# Example:
# I1118 21:26:53.975789 6 proxier.go:1096] Port "nodePort for kube-system/default-http-backend:http" (:31429/tcp) was open before and is still needed
#
# @id kube-proxy.log
# @type tail
# format multiline
# multiline_flush_interval 5s
# format_firstline /^wd{4}/
# format1 /^(?w)(?d{4} [^s]*)s+(?d+)s+(?[^ ]]+)] (?.*)/
# time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
# path /var/log/kube-proxy.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-kube-proxy.log.pos
# tag kube-proxy
#
# Kube-apiserver 日志，可以去掉
# Example:
# I0204 07:00:19.604280 5 handlers.go:131] GET /api/v1/nodes: (1.624207ms) 200 [[kube-controller-manager/v1.1.3 (linux/amd64) kubernetes/6a81b50] 127.0.0.1:38266]
#
# @id kube-apiserver.log
# @type tail
# format multiline
# multiline_flush_interval 5s
# format_firstline /^wd{4}/
# format1 /^(?w)(?d{4} [^s]*)s+(?d+)s+(?[^ ]]+)] (?.*)/
# time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
# path /var/log/kube-apiserver.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-kube-apiserver.log.pos
# tag kube-apiserver
#
# Kube-controller 日志，可以去掉
# Example:
# I0204 06:55:31.872680 5 servicecontroller.go:277] LB already exists and doesn't need update for service kube-system/kube-ui
#
# @id kube-controller-manager.log
# @type tail
# format multiline
# multiline_flush_interval 5s
# format_firstline /^wd{4}/
# format1 /^(?w)(?d{4} [^s]*)s+(?d+)s+(?[^ ]]+)] (?.*)/
# time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
# path /var/log/kube-controller-manager.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-kube-controller-manager.log.pos
# tag kube-controller-manager
#
# Kube-scheduler 日志，可以去掉
# Example:
# W0204 06:49:18.239674 7 reflector.go:245] pkg/scheduler/factory/factory.go:193: watch of *api.Service ended with: 401: The event in requested index is outdated and cleared (the requested history has been cleared [2578313/2577886]) [2579312]
#
# @id kube-scheduler.log
# @type tail
# format multiline
# multiline_flush_interval 5s
# format_firstline /^wd{4}/
# format1 /^(?w)(?d{4} [^s]*)s+(?d+)s+(?[^ ]]+)] (?.*)/
# time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
# path /var/log/kube-scheduler.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-kube-scheduler.log.pos
# tag kube-scheduler
#
# glbc 日志，可以去掉
# Example:
# I0603 15:31:05.793605 6 cluster_manager.go:230] Reading config from path /etc/gce.conf
#
# @id glbc.log
# @type tail
# format multiline
# multiline_flush_interval 5s
# format_firstline /^wd{4}/
# format1 /^(?w)(?d{4} [^s]*)s+(?d+)s+(?[^ ]]+)] (?.*)/
# time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
# path /var/log/glbc.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-glbc.log.pos
# tag glbc
#
# 集群伸缩日志，可以去掉
# Example:
# I0603 15:31:05.793605 6 cluster_manager.go:230] Reading config from path /etc/gce.conf
#
# @id cluster-autoscaler.log
# @type tail
# format multiline
# multiline_flush_interval 5s
# format_firstline /^wd{4}/
# format1 /^(?w)(?d{4} [^s]*)s+(?d+)s+(?[^ ]]+)] (?.*)/
# time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
# path /var/log/cluster-autoscaler.log
# pos_file /var/log/es-cluster-autoscaler.log.pos
# tag cluster-autoscaler
#
# system-journal 日志
# Logs from systemd-journal for interesting services.
# TODO(random-liu): Remove this after cri container runtime rolls out.
@id journald-docker
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "docker.service" }]
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-docker.pos
read_from_head true
tag docker
# journald-container-runtime 日志
@id journald-container-runtime
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "{{ fluentd_container_runtime_service }}.service" }]
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-container-runtime.pos
read_from_head true
tag container-runtime
# journald-kubelet 日志
@id journald-kubelet
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "kubelet.service" }]
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-kubelet.pos
read_from_head true
tag kubelet
# journald-node-problem-detector 日志
@id journald-node-problem-detector
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "node-problem-detector.service" }]
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-node-problem-detector.pos
read_from_head true
tag node-problem-detector
# kernel 日志
@id kernel
@type systemd
matches [{ "_TRANSPORT": "kernel" }]
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/kernel.pos
fields_strip_underscores true
fields_lowercase true
read_from_head true
tag kernel
# 监听配置，一般用于日志聚合用
forward.input.conf: |-
# 监听通过 TCP 发送的消息
@id forward
@type forward
# Prometheus metrics 数据收集
monitoring.conf: |-
# Prometheus Exporter Plugin
# input plugin that exports metrics
@id prometheus
@type prometheus
@id monitor_agent
@type monitor_agent
# input plugin that collects metrics from MonitorAgent
@id prometheus_monitor
@type prometheus_monitor
host ${hostname}
# input plugin that collects metrics for output plugin
@id prometheus_output_monitor
@type prometheus_output_monitor
host ${hostname}
# input plugin that collects metrics for in_tail plugin
@id prometheus_tail_monitor
@type prometheus_tail_monitor
host ${hostname}
# 输出配置，在此配置输出到ES的配置信息
output.conf: |-
# match kubernetes
@id elasticsearch_dynamic
@type elasticsearch_dynamic
@log_level info
type_name _doc
include_tag_key true
host elasticsearch
port 9200
logstash_format true
# 使用 Kubernetes 命名空间名称作为 prefix，方便日志的管理和查询
logstash_prefix logstash-${record['kubernetes']['namespace_name']}
@type file
path /var/log/fluentd-buffers/kubernetes-dynamic.system.buffer
flush_mode interval
retry_type exponential_backoff
flush_thread_count 2
flush_interval 5s
retry_forever
retry_max_interval 30
chunk_limit_size 2M
total_limit_size 500M
overflow_action block
# match others
@id elasticsearch
@type elasticsearch
@log_level info
type_name _doc
include_tag_key true
host elasticsearch
port 9200
logstash_format true
@type file
path /var/log/fluentd-buffers/kubernetes.system.buffer
flush_mode interval
retry_type exponential_backoff
flush_thread_count 2
flush_interval 5s
retry_forever
retry_max_interval 30
chunk_limit_size 2M
total_limit_size 500M
overflow_action block
# fluentd-es-ds.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: fluentd-es
namespace: logging
labels:
app: fluentd-es
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-es
labels:
app: fluentd-es
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- "namespaces"
- "pods"
verbs:
- "get"
- "watch"
- "list"
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-es
labels:
app: fluentd-es
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: fluentd-es
namespace: logging
apiGroup: ""
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: fluentd-es
apiGroup: ""
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: fluentd-es-v3.0.2
namespace: logging
labels:
app: fluentd-es
version: v3.0.2
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: fluentd-es
version: v3.0.2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: fluentd-es
version: v3.0.2
# This annotation ensures that fluentd does not get evicted if the node
# supports critical pod annotation based priority scheme.
# Note that this does not guarantee admission on the nodes (#40573).
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'
spec:
# 注释掉抢占式调度，否则报错 Error creating: pods "fluentd-es-v3.0.2-" is forbidden: pods with system-node-critical priorityClass is not permitted in logging namespace
# priorityClassName: system-node-critical
serviceAccountName: fluentd-es
containers:
- name: fluentd-es
image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v3.0.2
env:
- name: FLUENTD_ARGS
value: --no-supervisor -q
resources:
limits:
memory: 500Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 200Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: varlog
mountPath: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
readOnly: true
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/fluent/config.d
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: varlog
hostPath:
path: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/docker/containers
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: fluentd-es-config
执行以下命令，部署 Fluentd。
kubectl apply -f fluentd-es-configmap.yaml
kubectl apply -f fluentd-es-ds.yaml
可以看出 Fluented ConfigMap 中配置的按命名空间作为 prefix 生效了。
这时，我们可以按命名空间建立 Kibana 索引，方便日志的查询，下面以 logging 命名空间为例。
点击 Discover，选择刚才创建的索引，选择需要显示的字段，即可显示对应的日志信息。
更多的查询条件，可以参考KQL，这里不在赘述。
可以打开 Kibana 的 Dev Tools，使用 DELETE 命令删除不需要的日志。 如下图所示，命令表示删除所有 2020 年 8 月分的日志。
本篇文章主要介绍利用 EFK 收集 Kubernetes 集群日志，主要介绍各个组件的功能和基础设置，并非生产环境可用。需要在生产环境中使用，请参见高可用 EFK 日志收集。
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