最近公司某客户要求我们的数据库搭建PXC集群以保证他们的系统高性能和搞稳定性，以后花费了一些时间去搭建和测试，也踩过一些坑，准备分享出来
系统：CentOS6.6
Percona XtraDB Cluster：5.6.26
建议关闭iptables， 4个端口 3306,4444,4567,4568
Percona XtraDB Cluster环境所涉及的端口：
#MySQL实例端口
1. Regular MySQL port, default 3306.
#Percona XtraDB Cluster相互通讯的端口
2. Port for group communication, default 4567. It can be changed by the option:
wsrep_provider_optiOns="gmcast.listen_addr=tcp://0.0.0.0:4010; "
#用于SST传送的端口
3. Port for State Transfer, default 4444. It can be changed by the option:
wsrep_sst_receive_address=10.11.12.205:5555
#用于IST传送的端口
4. Port for Incremental State Transfer, default port for group communication + 1 (4568). It can be changed by the option:
wsrep_provider_optiOns= "ist.recv_addr=10.11.12.206:7777; "
node1 192.168.3.130
node2 192.168.3.129
node3 192.168.3.128
1.安装软件依赖包（添加repl源，再安装依赖，3台server操作一样。）
rpm -ivh http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm yum install perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Time-HiRes socat nc -y
2.安装xtrabackup（PXC同步数据需要用到）
yum install -y http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/RedHat/0.1-3/percona-release-0.1-3.noarch.rpm yum install -y percona-xtrabackup-24
3.下载安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster
#安装开发包
yum install -y libaio* yum groupinstall -y 'Development tools' yum install -y libssl.so.6 ln -sf /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 /usr/lib64/libssl.so.6 ln -sf /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.6 wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.6.26-25.12/binary/tarball/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.6.26-rel74.0-25.12.1.Linux.x86_64.tar.gz tar zxvf Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.6.26-rel74.0-25.12.1.Linux.x86_64.tar.gz useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql mkdir -p /usr/local/pxc mkdir -p /data/pxc/mysql3306/{data,tmp,logs} mv /data/download/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.6.26-rel74.0-25.12.1.Linux.x86_64/* /usr/local/pxc/ cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile chown -R mysql:mysql /data/pxc/mysql3306/ chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/pxc
修改my.cnf配置文件，注意在[mysqld]段落添加PXC的参数：
vi /etc/my.cnf
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[client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock # The MySQL server [mysqld] #########Basic################## explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true port = 3306 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.pid socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock #skip-grant-tables #character set character_set_server = utf8 open_files_limit = 65535 back_log = 500 #event_scheduler = ON #lower_case_table_names=1 skip-external-locking skip_name_resolve = 1 default-storage-engine = InnoDB #timeout wait_timeout=1000 interactive_timeout=1000 connect_timeout = 20 server-id =1303306 #ip最后一位+端口号= 1003376 #percona 的--recursion-method slavehost模式 #report_host = 10.105.9.115 #report_port = 3306 #plugin plugin-load="semisync_master.so;semisync_slave.so" #########error log############# log-error = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log log-warnings = 2 #########general log############# #general_log=1 #general_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql.log #########slow log############# slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time=1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql.slow ############# for replication################### log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin binlog_format = row max_binlog_size = 500M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_binlog_cache_size = 2M expire-logs-days = 7 slave-net-timeout=30 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 log-slave-updates = 1 skip-slave-start = 1 #read_only =1 #从上设置,5.7是super_read_only #GTID gtid-mode = on binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1 enforce_gtid_consistency=1 #relay log relay-log = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-relay relay-log-index=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/relay-bin.index max-relay-log-size = 500M #replication crash safe sync_master_info = 1 sync_relay_log_info = 1 sync_relay_log = 1 relay_log_recovery = 1 master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE #semisync 动态开启 主从切换的时候用 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 1000 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 100000000 #不要超时,防止切异步,保证主从数据的完全一致性,默认是10000 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point = 'after_sync' #5.7新增参数 after_sync 5.7增强半同步 after_commit5.6普通半同步 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count = 2 #5.7新增参数 等待多少个从库接收到binlog #ignore #replicate-ignore-db = 'school','school2' #replicate-do-db = 'school','school2' #Multi-threaded Slave #slave_parallel_workers=16 #slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK #slave-parallel-type=DATABASE #replication error #slave-skip-errors=1007,1051,1062 #######per_thread_buffers##################### max_connections=1100 max_user_connections=1000 max_connect_errors=1000 #myisam_recover key_buffer_size = 64M max_allowed_packet = 16M #table_cache = 3096 table_open_cache = 6144 table_definition_cache = 4096 read_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 128K read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M #myisam sort_buffer_size = 128K myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 64M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size = 0 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache_size = 64 #thread_concurrency = 32 thread_stack = 192K ###############InnoDB########################### innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G #根据内存大小设置 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 500M innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 sync_binlog = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10 innodb_sync_spin_loops = 40 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80 innodb_support_xa = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 500 innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_read_io_threads = 16 innodb_write_io_threads = 16 innodb_io_capacity = 800 #机械盘800 ssd 2000 innodb_flush_neighbors = 1 innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_purge_threads=1 #5.6只能有一个，5.7可以设置多个 innodb_purge_batch_size = 32 innodb_old_blocks_pct=75 innodb_change_buffering=all innodb_stats_on_metadata=OFF innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 #innodb_status_output=1 #innodb_status_output_locks=1 performance_schema=0 #是否打开P_S库进行性能收集 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED #innodb_force_recovery=0 #innodb_fast_shutdown=1 #innodb_status_file = 1 #实时输出show engine innodb status到innodb_status文件 ############# PXC ##################### innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-dongzheng wsrep_provider=/usr/local/mysql/lib/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.3.130,192.168.3.128,192.168.3.129 wsrep_node_address=192.168.3.130 wsrep_slave_threads=2 wsrep_sst_auth=sst:dongzheng wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2 wsrep_provider_options="debug=1" [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 128M [mysql] no-auto-rehash max_allowed_packet = 128M prompt = '(product)\u@\h:\p [\d]> ' default_character_set = utf8 [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 512k read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] #malloc-lib= /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libjemalloc.so
129
[client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock # The MySQL server [mysqld] #########Basic################## explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true port = 3306 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.pid socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock #skip-grant-tables #character set character_set_server = utf8 open_files_limit = 65535 back_log = 500 #event_scheduler = ON #lower_case_table_names=1 skip-external-locking skip_name_resolve = 1 default-storage-engine = InnoDB #timeout wait_timeout=1000 interactive_timeout=1000 connect_timeout = 20 server-id =1293306 #ip最后一位+端口号= 1003376 #percona 的--recursion-method slavehost模式 #report_host = 10.105.9.115 #report_port = 3306 #plugin plugin-load="semisync_master.so;semisync_slave.so" #########error log############# log-error = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log log-warnings = 2 #########general log############# #general_log=1 #general_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql.log #########slow log############# slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time=1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql.slow ############# for replication################### log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin binlog_format = row max_binlog_size = 500M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_binlog_cache_size = 2M expire-logs-days = 7 slave-net-timeout=30 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 log-slave-updates = 1 skip-slave-start = 1 #read_only =1 #从上设置,5.7是super_read_only #GTID gtid-mode = on binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1 enforce_gtid_consistency=1 #relay log relay-log = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-relay relay-log-index=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/relay-bin.index max-relay-log-size = 500M #replication crash safe sync_master_info = 1 sync_relay_log_info = 1 sync_relay_log = 1 relay_log_recovery = 1 master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE #semisync 动态开启 主从切换的时候用 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 1000 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 100000000 #不要超时,防止切异步,保证主从数据的完全一致性,默认是10000 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point = 'after_sync' #5.7新增参数 after_sync 5.7增强半同步 after_commit5.6普通半同步 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count = 2 #5.7新增参数 等待多少个从库接收到binlog #ignore #replicate-ignore-db = 'school','school2' #replicate-do-db = 'school','school2' #Multi-threaded Slave #slave_parallel_workers=16 #slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK #slave-parallel-type=DATABASE #replication error #slave-skip-errors=1007,1051,1062 #######per_thread_buffers##################### max_connections=1100 max_user_connections=1000 max_connect_errors=1000 #myisam_recover key_buffer_size = 64M max_allowed_packet = 16M #table_cache = 3096 table_open_cache = 6144 table_definition_cache = 4096 read_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 128K read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M #myisam sort_buffer_size = 128K myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 64M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size = 0 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache_size = 64 #thread_concurrency = 32 thread_stack = 192K ###############InnoDB########################### innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G #根据内存大小设置 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 500M innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 sync_binlog = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10 innodb_sync_spin_loops = 40 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80 innodb_support_xa = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 500 innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_read_io_threads = 16 innodb_write_io_threads = 16 innodb_io_capacity = 800 #机械盘800 ssd 2000 innodb_flush_neighbors = 1 innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_purge_threads=1 #5.6只能有一个，5.7可以设置多个 innodb_purge_batch_size = 32 innodb_old_blocks_pct=75 innodb_change_buffering=all innodb_stats_on_metadata=OFF innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 #innodb_status_output=1 #innodb_status_output_locks=1 performance_schema=0 #是否打开P_S库进行性能收集 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED #innodb_force_recovery=0 #innodb_fast_shutdown=1 #innodb_status_file = 1 #实时输出show engine innodb status到innodb_status文件 ############# PXC ##################### innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-dongzheng wsrep_provider=/usr/local/mysql/lib/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.3.130,192.168.3.128,192.168.3.129 wsrep_node_address=192.168.3.129 wsrep_slave_threads=2 wsrep_sst_auth=sst:dongzheng wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 128M [mysql] no-auto-rehash max_allowed_packet = 128M prompt = '(product)\u@\h:\p [\d]> ' default_character_set = utf8 [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 512k read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] #malloc-lib= /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libjemalloc.so
128
[client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock # The MySQL server [mysqld] #########Basic################## explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true port = 3306 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.pid socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock #skip-grant-tables #character set character_set_server = utf8 open_files_limit = 65535 back_log = 500 #event_scheduler = ON #lower_case_table_names=1 skip-external-locking skip_name_resolve = 1 default-storage-engine = InnoDB #timeout wait_timeout=1000 interactive_timeout=1000 connect_timeout = 20 server-id =1283306 #ip最后一位+端口号= 1003376 #percona 的--recursion-method slavehost模式 #report_host = 10.105.9.115 #report_port = 3306 #plugin plugin-load="semisync_master.so;semisync_slave.so" #########error log############# log-error = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log log-warnings = 2 #########general log############# #general_log=1 #general_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql.log #########slow log############# slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time=1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql.slow ############# for replication################### log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin binlog_format = row max_binlog_size = 500M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_binlog_cache_size = 2M expire-logs-days = 7 slave-net-timeout=30 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 log-slave-updates = 1 skip-slave-start = 1 #read_only =1 #从上设置,5.7是super_read_only #GTID gtid-mode = on binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1 enforce_gtid_consistency=1 #relay log relay-log = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-relay relay-log-index=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/relay-bin.index max-relay-log-size = 500M #replication crash safe sync_master_info = 1 sync_relay_log_info = 1 sync_relay_log = 1 relay_log_recovery = 1 master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE #semisync 动态开启 主从切换的时候用 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 1000 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 100000000 #不要超时,防止切异步,保证主从数据的完全一致性,默认是10000 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point = 'after_sync' #5.7新增参数 after_sync 5.7增强半同步 after_commit5.6普通半同步 #rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count = 2 #5.7新增参数 等待多少个从库接收到binlog #ignore #replicate-ignore-db = 'school','school2' #replicate-do-db = 'school','school2' #Multi-threaded Slave #slave_parallel_workers=16 #slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK #slave-parallel-type=DATABASE #replication error #slave-skip-errors=1007,1051,1062 #######per_thread_buffers##################### max_connections=1100 max_user_connections=1000 max_connect_errors=1000 #myisam_recover key_buffer_size = 64M max_allowed_packet = 16M #table_cache = 3096 table_open_cache = 6144 table_definition_cache = 4096 read_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 128K read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M #myisam sort_buffer_size = 128K myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 64M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size = 0 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M thread_cache_size = 64 #thread_concurrency = 32 thread_stack = 192K ###############InnoDB########################### innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G #根据内存大小设置 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 500M innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 sync_binlog = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10 innodb_sync_spin_loops = 40 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80 innodb_support_xa = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 500 innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_read_io_threads = 16 innodb_write_io_threads = 16 innodb_io_capacity = 800 #机械盘800 ssd 2000 innodb_flush_neighbors = 1 innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_purge_threads=1 #5.6只能有一个，5.7可以设置多个 innodb_purge_batch_size = 32 innodb_old_blocks_pct=75 innodb_change_buffering=all innodb_stats_on_metadata=OFF innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 #innodb_status_output=1 #innodb_status_output_locks=1 performance_schema=0 #是否打开P_S库进行性能收集 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED #innodb_force_recovery=0 #innodb_fast_shutdown=1 #innodb_status_file = 1 #实时输出show engine innodb status到innodb_status文件 ############# PXC ##################### innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-dongzheng wsrep_provider=/usr/local/mysql/lib/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.3.130,192.168.3.128,192.168.3.129 wsrep_node_address=192.168.3.128 wsrep_slave_threads=2 wsrep_sst_auth=sst:dongzheng wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2 wsrep_provider_options="debug=1;socket.checksum=1" [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 128M [mysql] no-auto-rehash max_allowed_packet = 128M prompt = '(product)\u@\h:\p [\d]> ' default_character_set = utf8 [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 512k read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] #malloc-lib= /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libjemalloc.so
cd /usr/local/pxc/ ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
看到两次ok
#修改启动脚本
vi /etc/init.d/mysql
basedir=/usr/local/pxc
datadir=/data/pxc/mysql3306/data
4.启动，进行授权操作，对于第一个节点必须以特殊方式启动，如下：
/etc/init.d/mysql --help
Usage: mysql {start|stop|restart|restart-bootstrap|reload|force-reload|status|bootstrap-pxc} [ MySQL (Percona XtraDB Cluster) options ]
第一个节点启动
/etc/init.d/mysql bootstrap-pxc
5.安全加固
连接mysql：mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock
delete from mysql.user where user!='root' or host!='localhost';
truncate table mysql.db;
drop database test;
进行授权，这里用户名密码是my.cnf里定义的用户名sst 密码dongzheng
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'sst'@'%' identified by 'dongzheng';
use mysql;
UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root';
flush privileges;
PXC状态确认
show global status like 'wsrep%';
6.netstat进行查看，可以发现启动两个端口
netstat -lntp | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4567 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2964/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2964/mysqld
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容： 2017-05/143501p2.htm
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