Linux文件类型符号表示；创建目录创建，拷贝，重命名文件...

在ls -l显示的详细信息中有以下信息：

　　-rw-r--r--
　　drwxr-xr-x
　　一共10个字符，第一个字符表示文件类型，后面9个字符分成3组表示文件权限。前三个表示属主（拥有者）对文件的权限，中间三个表示属主所在的组对文件的权限，最后三个表示其他用户对文件的权限。

    　文件类型：
　　- 表示普通文件 如：a.c,1.txt,a.out
　　d 表示文件夹 d是directory的缩写
　　l 表示符号连接文件
　　s 表示socket文件
　　p 表示管道文件 pipe

　　rwx解析：r代表可读，数字标号为4；w代表可写，数字标号为2；x代表可执行，数字标号为1。

[[email&＃160;protected] ~]# mkdir /root/test [[email&＃160;protected] ~]# ll total 8 -rw-------. 1 root root 1701 Nov 2 06:06 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Downloads -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1856 Nov 2 06:08 initial-setup-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 13 19:48 test drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Videos [[email&＃160;protected] ~]# cd /root/test/ 三：在text目录下用两种方式创建test1.txt，test2.txt 

[[email&＃160;protected] test]# vim text1.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test]# mkdir text2.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 37 Nov 13 19:59 text1.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 13 20:03 text2.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test]# vim text1.txt

text1： 

[[email&＃160;protected] ~]# cp -r /root/test /root/test/text2.txt total 8 -rw-------. 1 root root 1701 Nov 2 06:06 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Downloads -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1856 Nov 2 06:08 initial-setup-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 40 Nov 13 20:10 test drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 40 Nov 13 20:18 test2 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Videos [[email&＃160;protected] ~]# cd test2/ [[email&＃160;protected] test2]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 13 20:18 text1.txt drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:18 text2.txt 五：将text2中的text1.txt重命名为text111.txt

[[email&＃160;protected] test2]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 13 20:18 text1.txt drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:18 text2.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 13 20:24 text3,txt [[email&＃160;protected] test2]# mv text1.txt text111.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test2]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 13 20:18 text111.txt drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:18 text2.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 13 20:24 text3,txt 六：在test2目录中新建test111.txt的软链接文件test111_soft.txt

[[email&＃160;protected] test2]# ln -s text111.txt test111_soft.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test2]# ll total 4 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Nov 13 20:32 test111_soft.txt -> text111.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 13 20:18 text111.txt drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:18 text2.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 13 20:24 text3,txt 七：在test2目录中新建test111.txt的硬链接文件test111_hard.txt

[[email&＃160;protected] test2]# ln text111.txt test111_hard.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test2]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 78 Nov 13 20:18 test111_hard.txt lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Nov 13 20:32 test111_soft.txt -> text111.txt -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 78 Nov 13 20:18 text111.txt drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:18 text2.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 13 20:24 text3,txt 八：删除test目录中test1.txt

[[email&＃160;protected] ~]# cd /root/test/ [[email&＃160;protected] test]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 13 20:04 text1.txt drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:17 text2.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 13 20:04 text1.txt drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:17 text2.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test]# rm -f text1.txt [[email&＃160;protected] test]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 52 Nov 13 20:17 text2.txt 九：删除test目录

[[email&＃160;protected] ~]# ll total 8 -rw-------. 1 root root 1701 Nov 2 06:06 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Downloads -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1856 Nov 2 06:08 initial-setup-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 23 Nov 13 20:42 test drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 107 Nov 13 20:35 test2 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Videos [[email&＃160;protected] ~]# rm -r -f test [[email&＃160;protected] ~]# ll total 8 -rw-------. 1 root root 1701 Nov 2 06:06 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Downloads -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1856 Nov 2 06:08 initial-setup-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 107 Nov 13 20:35 test2 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 06:10 Videos