Linux如何使用Apache服务器支持https（ssl）

软件环境

debian 5.0
Apache Httpd 2.0.63 (http://httpd.apache.org )
OpenSSL 0.9.81 (http://www.openssl.org/source )
SSL-Tools (http://www.openssl.org/contrib/ssl.ca-0.1.tar.gz )

安装步骤(所有操作使用root用户进行)：

1. OpenSSL

#tar zxvf openssl-0.9.81.tar.gz
#cd openssl-0.9.81
#./config
#make
#make install

此举将安装最新的OpenSSL到/usr/local/ssl目录中，无需理会系统中已有版本的OpenSSL，也不要去卸载它，否则会导致很多的应用程序无法正常执行，例如X窗口无法进入等错误。

2. Apache Httpd

#tar zxvf httpd-2.0.63.tar.gz

#cd httpd-2.0.63
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache/httpd --enable-ssl=static --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl
#make
#make install

此步骤在/apache/httpd目录中安装httpd服务(通过参数--prefix指定)，同时使用--with-ssl指定刚才所安装OpenSSL的路径，用于将mod_ssl静态的编译到httpd服务中。

3.制作证书

我们必须手工来生成SSL用到的证书，对证书不熟悉的人，有一个工具可以使用：http://www.openssl.org/contrib/ssl.ca-0.1.tar.gz  。下面是如何通过这个工具来生成证书的过程：

#cp ssl.ca-0.1.tar.gz /usr/local/apache/httpd/conf
#cd /usr/local/apache/conf
#tar zxvf ssl.ca-0.1.tar.gz
#cd ssl.ca-0.1
#./new-root-ca.sh (生成根证书)
No Root CA key round. Generating one
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
...........................++++++
....++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for ca.key: (输入一个密码)
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for ca.key: (再输入一次密码)
......
Self-sign the root CA... (签署根证书)
Enter pass phrase for ca.key: (输入刚刚设置的密码)
........
........ (下面开始签署)
Country Name (2 letter code) [MY]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Perak]:GanSu//随你喜欢
Locality Name (eg, city) [Sitiawan]:LanZhou//随你喜欢
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Directory Sdn Bhd]:lzu//随你喜欢
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [Certification Services Division]:lzu//随你喜欢
Common Name (eg, MD Root CA) []:dslab//随你喜欢
Email Address []:sunyanmeng@gmail.com//随你喜欢
这样就生成了ca.key和ca.crt两个文件，下面还要为我们的服务器生成一个证书：
# ./new-server-cert.sh server (这个证书的名字是server)
......
......
Country Name (2 letter code) [MY]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Perak]:GanSu
Locality Name (eg, city) [Sitiawan]: LanZhou
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Directory Sdn Bhd]:lzu
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [Secure Web Server]:lzu
Common Name (eg, www.domain.com) []:localhost
Email Address []:sunyanmeng@gmail.com
这样就生成了server.csr和server.key这两个文件。
还需要签署一下才能使用的：
# ./sign-server-cert.sh server
CA signing: server.csr -> server.crt:
Using configuration from ca.config
Enter pass phrase for ./ca.key: (输入上面设置的根证书密码)
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GanSu'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'LanZhou'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'lzu'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'lzu'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'localhost'
emailAddress  :IA5STRING:'sunyanmeng@gmail.com'
Certificate is to be certified until Jan 19 21:59:46 2011 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
CA verifying: server.crt <-> CA cert
server.crt: OK

下面要按照ssl.conf里面的设置，将证书放在适当的位置。

# chmod 400 server.key
# cd ..
# mkdir ssl.key
# mv ssl.ca-0.1/server.key ssl.key
# mkdir ssl.crt
# mv ssl.ca-0.1/server.crt ssl.crt
然后就可以启动啦！
# cd /usr/local/apache
# ./bin/apachectl startssl

4. 测试HTTP服务

使用浏览器打开地址：https://127.0.0.1   完毕！！