Linux——搭建KVM环境

KVM虚拟化

一、安装所需软件

1.yum安装软件

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools virt-install qemu-img bridge-utils libvirt virt-manager


重新启动

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# reboot


2、查看CPU是否支持虚拟化&＃xff08;Intel的服务器&＃xff09;
AMD服务器可用cat /proc/cpumfo | grep smv命令查看

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep vmx
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec


检查KVM模块是否安装

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel 170181 0
kvm 554609 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm


开启服务

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root&＃64;localhost ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd


2.设置KVM网络

用户模式&＃xff1a;即NAT方式&＃xff0c;这种方式是默认网络&＃xff0c;数据包由NAT方式通过主机的接口进行传送&＃xff0c;可以访问外网&＃xff0c;但是无法从外部访问虚拟机网络。
桥接模式&＃xff1a;这种模式允许虚拟机像一台独立的主机一样拥有网络&＃xff0c;外部的机器可以直接访冋到虚拟机内部&＃xff0c;但需要网卡支持&＃xff0c;一般有线网卡都支持。

1、设置网络桥接模式

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root&＃64;localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root&＃64;localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE&＃61;Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD&＃61;none
BROWSER_ONLY&＃61;no
BOOTPROTO&＃61;none
DEFROUTE&＃61;yes
PEERDNS&＃61;yes
PEERROUTES&＃61;yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL&＃61;no
IPV6INIT&＃61;yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF&＃61;yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE&＃61;yes
IPV6_PEERDNS&＃61;yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES&＃61;yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL&＃61;no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE&＃61;stable-privacy
NAME&＃61;ens33
DEVICE&＃61;ens33
ONBOOT&＃61;yes
BRIDGE&＃61;br0


[root&＃64;localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0
TYPE&＃61;Bridge
PROXY_METHOD&＃61;none
BROWSER_ONLY&＃61;no
BOOTPROTO&＃61;static
IPADDR&＃61;192.168.1.30
GATEWAY&＃61;192.168.1.2
PREFIX&＃61;24
DNS1&＃61;223.5.5.5
DNS2&＃61;223.6.6.6
DEFROUTE&＃61;yes
PEERDNS&＃61;yes
PEERROUTES&＃61;yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL&＃61;no
IPV6INIT&＃61;yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF&＃61;yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE&＃61;yes
IPV6_PEERDNS&＃61;yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES&＃61;yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL&＃61;no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE&＃61;stable-privacy
NAME&＃61;br0
DEVICE&＃61;br0
ONBOOT&＃61;yes


2.重启network服务

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]


3.确认IP地址信息

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# ifconfig
br0: flags&＃61;4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 192.168.1.30 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255inet6 fe80::cd0f:b59d:68e1:5ffb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:dd:1a:df txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 83 bytes 7042 (6.8 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 59 bytes 11171 (10.9 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33: flags&＃61;4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500ether 00:0c:29:dd:1a:df txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 1292 bytes 113187 (110.5 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 690 bytes 105416 (102.9 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags&＃61;73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)RX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0virbr0: flags&＃61;4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255ether 52:54:00:aa:1d:a1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0


3.KVM管理
1.创建存储目录

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data_kvm/store /data_kvm/iso
[root&＃64;localhost ~]# cd /data_kvm/
[root&＃64;localhost data_kvm]# ls
iso store


2、把镜像上传到服务器目录/data_kvm/iso

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# cp /dev/cdrom /data_kvm/iso/


3、启动virt-manager工具

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virt-manager


二、使用KVM命令集管理虚拟机

1、KVM基本功能管理
1、查看KVM的配置文件存放目录

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu
autostart centos7.0.xml networks


2、查看虚拟机状态

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh list --allId 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------1 centos7.0 running


3、强制实例系统关闭电源

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh destroy centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被删除


4、通过配置文件启动虚拟机系统实例

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml
域 centos7.0 被创建&＃xff08;从 /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml&＃xff09;
[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh list --allId 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------3 centos7.0 running


5、挂起虚拟机

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh suspend centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被挂起


6、恢复虚拟机

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh resume centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被重新恢复
[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh list --allId 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------3 centos7.0 running


7、配置虚拟机实例伴随宿主机自动启动

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh autostart centos7.0
域 centos7.0标记为自动开始


8、导出虚拟机配置

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh dumpxml centos7.0 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml


9、删除虚拟机

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh shutdown centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被关闭[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh undefine centos7.0
域 centos7.0 已经被取消定义


10、通过备份的配置文件重新定义虚拟机

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# cd /etc/libvirt/qemu/
[root&＃64;localhost qemu]# mv centos7.3.xml centos7.0.xml
[root&＃64;localhost qemu]# virsh define centos7.0.xml
定义域 centos7.0&＃xff08;从 centos7.0.xml&＃xff09;[root&＃64;localhost qemu]# virsh list --allId 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------- centos7.0 关闭

11、修改虚拟机配置信息
通过vim命令修改

[root&＃64;localhost qemu]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml


通过virsh命令修改

[root&＃64;localhost qemu]# virsh edit centos7.0


2、KVM文件管理
1、查看当前磁盘格式

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# qemu-img info /data_kvm/store/admin.kvm
image: /data_kvm/store/admin.kvm
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 9.0G (9663676416 bytes)
disk size: 4.1G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:compat: 1.1lazy refcounts: true

2、虚拟机克隆

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virt-clone -o centos7.0 -n centos7.3 -f /data_kvm/store/centos7.3.qcow2
正在分配 &＃39;centos7.3.qcow2&＃39; | 9.0 GB 00:01:50 成功克隆 &＃39;centos7.3&＃39;。
[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh list --allId 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------- centos7.0 关闭- centos7.3 关闭

3、虚拟机快照

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh snapshot-create centos7.0
已生成域快照 1590591281

查看快照信息

[root&＃64;localhost ~]# virsh snapshot-list centos7.0名称 生成时间 状态
------------------------------------------------------------1590591281 2020-05-27 22:54:41 &＃43;0800 running

恢复虚拟机状态&＃xff0c;查看虚拟机快照版本信息

[root&＃64;localhost data_kvm]# virsh snapshot-revert centos7.0 1590591726[root&＃64;localhost data_kvm]# virsh snapshot-current centos7.0
<domainsnapshot><name>1590591726</name><state>running</state><parent><name>1590591281</name></parent>

删除快照

[root&＃64;localhost data_kvm]# virsh snapshot-delete centos7.0 1590591726
已删除域快照 1590591726