开发笔记:drf视图的三种继承

视图的方法(继承)

• 第一种：原始APIView

  需要自己写get/post方法。

  url(r&＃39;^login/$&＃39;,account.LoginView.as_view()),

  from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
from rest_framework.throttling import AnonRateThrottle
from api import models
class LoginView(APIView):
authentication_classes = []
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 1.根据用户名和密码检测用户是否可以登录
user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=request.data.get(&＃39;username&＃39;),password=request.data.get(&＃39;password&＃39;)).first()
if not user:
return Response({&＃39;code&＃39;:10001,&＃39;error&＃39;:&＃39;用户名或密码错误&＃39;})
# 2. 根据user对象生成payload（中间值的数据）
jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
# 3. 构造前面数据，base64加密；中间数据base64加密；前两段拼接然后做hs256加密（加盐），再做base64加密。生成token
jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
return Response({&＃39;code&＃39;: 10000, &＃39;data&＃39;: token})




• 第二种：ListAPIView(多个数据的get)、RetrieveAPIView(单个数据的get)、CreateAPIView(post)、DestroyAPIView(delete)、UpdateAPIView（put/patch）等。不需手写getpost等方法。

  url(r&＃39;^article/$&＃39;,article.ArticleView.as_view()),
url(r&＃39;^article/(?Pd+)/$&＃39;,article.ArticleDetailView.as_view()),

  from rest_framework.throttling import AnonRateThrottle
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView, RetrieveAPIView
from api import models
from api.serializer.article import ArticleSerializer,ArticleDetailSerializer
class ArticleView(ListAPIView):
"""文章列表"""
authentication_classes = []
# throttle_classes = [AnonRateThrottle,]
queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
class ArticleDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
"""单个文章"""
authentication_classes = []
queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
serializer_class = ArticleDetailSerializer




• 第三种：ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin等。它们内部都有自己对应的方法。

  需要在路由开始写对应关系。

  路由：

  url(r&＃39;^article/$&＃39;,article.ArticleView.as_view({"get":&＃39;list&＃39;,&＃39;post&＃39;:&＃39;create&＃39;})),
url(r&＃39;^article/(?Pd+)/$&＃39;,article.ArticleView.as_view({&＃39;get&＃39;:&＃39;retrieve&＃39;,&＃39;put&＃39;:&＃39;update&＃39;,&＃39;patch&＃39;:&＃39;partial_update&＃39;,&＃39;delete&＃39;:&＃39;destroy&＃39;}))

  视图：

  from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin
from api.serializer.article import ArticleSerializer,ArticleDetailSerializer
class ArticleView(GenericViewSet,ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,):
"""获取文章列表以及单条文章"""
authentication_classes = []
throttle_classes = [AnonRateThrottle,]
queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
serializer_class = None
def get_serializer_class(self):
pk = self.kwargs.get(&＃39;pk&＃39;)
if pk:
return ArticleDetailSerializer
return ArticleSerializer

  

  总结：

  APIView,只提供了基础的功能，有版本、认证、权限、节流等功能，但没有增删改查的功能；
  
  ListAPIView等, 继承APIView,提供增删改查的功能，不用自己写get/post方法；
  
  ListModelMixin等, 路由就需发生变化，传参数{"get":‘list‘}，表示是get方式，并且是list方法。这样就可以将 获取多个(列表)和获取一个 放在一个类里。