"mtlkid" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true" required="false" multiValued="false" /> 另外关键的一点是修改原有的uniqueKey,本文设置HBase表的rowkey字段为Solr索引的uniqueKey:
rowkey
type 参数代表索引数据类型,我这里将type全部设置为string是为了避免异常类型的数据导致索引建立失败,正常情况下应该根据实际字段类型设置,比如整型字段设置为int,更加有利于索引的建立和检索;
indexed 参数代表此字段是否建立索引,根据实际情况设置,建议不参与条件过滤的字段一律设置为false;
stored 参数代表是否存储此字段的值,建议根据实际需求只将需要获取值的字段设置为true,以免浪费存储,比如我们的场景只需要获取rowkey,那么只需把rowkey字段设置为true即可,其他字段全部设置flase;
required 参数代表此字段是否必需,如果数据源某个字段可能存在空值,那么此属性必需设置为false,不然Solr会抛出异常;
multiValued 参数代表此字段是否允许有多个值,通常都设置为false,根据实际需求可设置为true。
4)我们使用Solr自带的example来作为运行环境,定位到example目录,启动服务监听:
cd /opt/apache-solr-4.0.0/example
java -jar ./start.jar
如果启动成功,可以通过浏览器打开此页面:http://192.168.1.10:8983/solr/
二、读取HBase源表的数据,在Solr中建立索引
一种方案是通过HBase的普通API获取数据建立索引,此方案的缺点是效率较低每秒只能处理100多条数据(或许可以通过多线程提高效率):
package com.ultrapower.hbase.solrhbase;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
public class SolrIndexer {
/**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
* @throws SolrServerException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,
SolrServerException {
final Configuration conf;
HttpSolrServer solrServer = new HttpSolrServer(
"http://192.168.1.10:8983/solr"); // 因为服务端是用的Solr自带的jetty容器,默认端口号是8983
conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
HTable table = new HTable(conf, "hb_app_xxxxxx"); // 这里指定HBase表名称
Scan scan = new Scan();
scan.addFamily(Bytes.toBytes("d")); // 这里指定HBase表的列族
scan.setCaching(500);
scan.setCacheBlocks(false);
ResultScanner ss = table.getScanner(scan);
System.out.println("start ...");
int i = 0;
try {
for (Result r : ss) {
SolrInputDocument solrDoc = new SolrInputDocument();
solrDoc.addField("rowkey", new String(r.getRow()));
for (KeyValue kv : r.raw()) {
String fieldName = new String(kv.getQualifier());
String fieldValue = new String(kv.getValue());
if (fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("time")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("tebid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("tetid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("puid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("mgcvid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("mtcvid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("smaid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("mtlkid")) {
solrDoc.addField(fieldName, fieldValue);
}
}
solrServer.add(solrDoc);
solrServer.commit(true, true, true);
i = i + 1;
System.out.println("已经成功处理 " + i + " 条数据");
}
ss.close();
table.close();
System.out.println("done !");
} catch (IOException e) {
} finally {
ss.close();
table.close();
System.out.println("erro !");
}
}
}
另外一种方案是用到HBase的Mapreduce框架,分布式并行执行效率特别高,处理1000万条数据仅需5分钟,但是这种高并发需要对Solr服务器进行配置调优,不然会抛出服务器无法响应的异常:
Error: org.apache.solr.common.SolrException: Server at http://192.168.1.10:8983/solr returned non ok status:503, message:Service Unavailable
MapReduce入口程序:
package com.ultrapower.hbase.solrhbase;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapReduceUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.NullOutputFormat;
public class SolrHBaseIndexer {
private static void usage() {
System.err.println("输入参数: <配置文件路径> <起始行> <结束行>");
System.exit(1);
}
private static Configuration conf;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,
InterruptedException, ClassNotFoundException, URISyntaxException {
if (args.length == 0 || args.length > 3) {
usage();
}
createHBaseConfiguration(args[0]);
ConfigProperties tutorialProperties = new ConfigProperties(args[0]);
String tbName = tutorialProperties.getHBTbName();
String tbFamily = tutorialProperties.getHBFamily();
Job job = new Job(conf, "SolrHBaseIndexer");
job.setJarByClass(SolrHBaseIndexer.class);
Scan scan = new Scan();
if (args.length == 3) {
scan.setStartRow(Bytes.toBytes(args[1]));
scan.setStopRow(Bytes.toBytes(args[2]));
}
scan.addFamily(Bytes.toBytes(tbFamily));
scan.setCaching(500); // 设置缓存数据量来提高效率
scan.setCacheBlocks(false);
// 创建Map任务
TableMapReduceUtil.initTableMapperJob(tbName, scan,
SolrHBaseIndexerMapper.class, null, null, job);
// 不需要输出
job.setOutputFormatClass(NullOutputFormat.class);
// job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
}
/**
* 从配置文件读取并设置HBase配置信息
*
* @param propsLocation
* @return
*/
private static void createHBaseConfiguration(String propsLocation) {
ConfigProperties tutorialProperties = new ConfigProperties(
propsLocation);
conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", tutorialProperties.getZKQuorum());
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort",
tutorialProperties.getZKPort());
conf.set("hbase.master", tutorialProperties.getHBMaster());
conf.set("hbase.rootdir", tutorialProperties.getHBrootDir());
conf.set("solr.server", tutorialProperties.getSolrServer());
}
}
对应的Mapper:
package com.ultrapower.hbase.solrhbase;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
public class SolrHBaseIndexerMapper extends TableMapper {
public void map(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Result hbaseResult,
Context context) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
Configuration conf = context.getConfiguration();
HttpSolrServer solrServer = new HttpSolrServer(conf.get("solr.server"));
solrServer.setDefaultMaxConnectionsPerHost(100);
solrServer.setMaxTotalConnections(1000);
solrServer.setSoTimeout(20000);
solrServer.setConnectionTimeout(20000);
SolrInputDocument solrDoc = new SolrInputDocument();
try {
solrDoc.addField("rowkey", new String(hbaseResult.getRow()));
for (KeyValue rowQualifierAndValue : hbaseResult.list()) {
String fieldName = new String(
rowQualifierAndValue.getQualifier());
String fieldValue = new String(rowQualifierAndValue.getValue());
if (fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("time")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("tebid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("tetid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("puid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("mgcvid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("mtcvid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("smaid")
|| fieldName.equalsIgnoreCase("mtlkid")) {
solrDoc.addField(fieldName, fieldValue);
}
}
solrServer.add(solrDoc);
solrServer.commit(true, true, true);
} catch (SolrServerException e) {
System.err.println("更新Solr索引异常:" + new String(hbaseResult.getRow()));
}
}
}
读取参数配置文件的辅助类:
package com.ultrapower.hbase.solrhbase;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ConfigProperties {
private static Properties props;
private String HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_QUORUM;
private String HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_PROPERTY_CLIENT_PORT;
private String HBASE_MASTER;
private String HBASE_ROOTDIR;
private String DFS_NAME_DIR;
private String DFS_DATA_DIR;
private String FS_DEFAULT_NAME;
private String SOLR_SERVER; // Solr服务器地址
private String HBASE_TABLE_NAME; // 需要建立Solr索引的HBase表名称
private String HBASE_TABLE_FAMILY; // HBase表的列族
public ConfigProperties(String propLocation) {
props = new Properties();
try {
File file = new File(propLocation);
System.out.println("从以下位置加载配置文件: " + file.getAbsolutePath());
FileReader is = new FileReader(file);
props.load(is);
HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_QUORUM = props.getProperty("HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_QUORUM");
HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_PROPERTY_CLIENT_PORT = props.getProperty("HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_PROPERTY_CLIENT_PORT");
HBASE_MASTER = props.getProperty("HBASE_MASTER");
HBASE_ROOTDIR = props.getProperty("HBASE_ROOTDIR");
DFS_NAME_DIR = props.getProperty("DFS_NAME_DIR");
DFS_DATA_DIR = props.getProperty("DFS_DATA_DIR");
FS_DEFAULT_NAME = props.getProperty("FS_DEFAULT_NAME");
SOLR_SERVER = props.getProperty("SOLR_SERVER");
HBASE_TABLE_NAME = props.getProperty("HBASE_TABLE_NAME");
HBASE_TABLE_FAMILY = props.getProperty("HBASE_TABLE_FAMILY");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("加载配置文件出错");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("文件不存在");
}
}
public String getZKQuorum() {
return HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_QUORUM;
}
public String getZKPort() {
return HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_PROPERTY_CLIENT_PORT;
}
public String getHBMaster() {
return HBASE_MASTER;
}
public String getHBrootDir() {
return HBASE_ROOTDIR;
}
public String getDFSnameDir() {
return DFS_NAME_DIR;
}
public String getDFSdataDir() {
return DFS_DATA_DIR;
}
public String getFSdefaultName() {
return FS_DEFAULT_NAME;
}
public String getSolrServer() {
return SOLR_SERVER;
}
public String getHBTbName() {
return HBASE_TABLE_NAME;
}
public String getHBFamily() {
return HBASE_TABLE_FAMILY;
}
}
参数配置文件“config.properties”:
HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_QUORUM=slave-1,slave-2,slave-3,slave-4,slave-5
HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_PROPERTY_CLIENT_PORT=2181
HBASE_MASTER=master-1:60000
HBASE_ROOTDIR=hdfs:///hbase
DFS_NAME_DIR=/opt/data/dfs/name
DFS_DATA_DIR=/opt/data/d0/dfs2/data
FS_DEFAULT_NAME=hdfs://192.168.1.10:9000
SOLR_SERVER=http://192.168.1.10:8983/solr
HBASE_TABLE_NAME=hb_app_m_user_te
HBASE_TABLE_FAMILY=d
三、结合Solr进行HBase数据的多条件查询:
可以通过web页面操作Solr索引,
查询:
http://192.168.1.10:8983/solr/select?(time:201307 AND tetid:1 AND mgcvid:101 AND smaid:101 AND puid:102)
删除所有索引:
http://192.168.1.10:8983/solr/update/?stream.body=*:*&stream.cOntentType=text/xml;charset=utf-8&commit=true
通过java客户端结合Solr查询HBase数据:
package com.ultrapower.hbase.solrhbase;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrQuery;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.response.QueryResponse;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocument;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocumentList;
public class QueryData {
/**
* @param args
* @throws SolrServerException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws SolrServerException, IOException {
final Configuration conf;
conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
HTable table = new HTable(conf, "hb_app_m_user_te");
Get get = null;
List list = new ArrayList();
String url = "http://192.168.1.10:8983/solr";
SolrServer server = new HttpSolrServer(url);
SolrQuery query = new SolrQuery("time:201307 AND tetid:1 AND mgcvid:101 AND smaid:101 AND puid:102");
query.setStart(0); //数据起始行,分页用
query.setRows(10); //返回记录数,分页用
QueryResponse response = server.query(query);
SolrDocumentList docs = response.getResults();
System.out.println("文档个数:" + docs.getNumFound()); //数据总条数也可轻易获取
System.out.println("查询时间:" + response.getQTime());
for (SolrDocument doc : docs) {
get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes((String) doc.getFieldValue("rowkey")));
list.add(get);
}
Result[] res = table.get(list);
byte[] bt1 = null;
byte[] bt2 = null;
byte[] bt3 = null;
byte[] bt4 = null;
String str1 = null;
String str2 = null;
String str3 = null;
String str4 = null;
for (Result rs : res) {
bt1 = rs.getValue("d".getBytes(), "3mpon".getBytes());
bt2 = rs.getValue("d".getBytes(), "3mponid".getBytes());
bt3 = rs.getValue("d".getBytes(), "amarpu".getBytes());
bt4 = rs.getValue("d".getBytes(), "amarpuid".getBytes());
if (bt1 != null && bt1.length>0) {str1 = new String(bt1);} else {str1 = "无数据";} //对空值进行new String的话会抛出异常
if (bt2 != null && bt2.length>0) {str2 = new String(bt2);} else {str2 = "无数据";}
if (bt3 != null && bt3.length>0) {str3 = new String(bt3);} else {str3 = "无数据";}
if (bt4 != null && bt4.length>0) {str4 = new String(bt4);} else {str4 = "无数据";}
System.out.print(new String(rs.getRow()) + " ");
System.out.print(str1 + "|");
System.out.print(str2 + "|");
System.out.print(str3 + "|");
System.out.println(str4 + "|");
}
table.close();
}
}
小结:
通过测试发现,结合Solr索引可以很好的实现HBase的多条件查询,同时还能解决其两个难点:分页查询、数据总量统计。
实际场景中大多都是分页查询,分页查询返回的数据量很少,采用此种方案完全可以达到前端页面毫秒级的实时响应;若有大批量的数据交互,比如涉及到数据导出,实际上效率也是很高,十万数据仅耗时10秒。
另外,如果真的将Solr纳入使用,Solr以及HBase端都可以不断进行优化,比如可以搭建Solr集群,甚至可以采用SolrCloud基于hadoop的分布式索引服务。
总之,HBase不能多条件过滤查询的先天性缺陷,在Solr的配合之下可以得到较好的弥补,难怪诸如新蛋科技、国美电商、苏宁电商等互联网公司以及众多游戏公司,都使用Solr来支持快速查询。
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本文连接:http://www.cnblogs.com/chenz/articles/3229997.html