复合主键映射需要在映射配置文件中使用
Note:想要使用复合映射必须要将复合主键放到一个类中,也就是讲复合主键属性和其它属性分到两个类中,并将复合主键的类实现接口Serializable,该接口隶属于java.io。
复合主键的映射关系的主键是由多个列复合而成的,对应到数据表中相当的简单,如下图:
1、类文件
这里就拿上图的表来作为示例,在表中有两个字段年限和持续时间组合成为表的主键,所以分成的新类分别命名为FiscalYearPeriod和FiscalYearPeriodPK,其中FiscalYearPeriodPK类封装表的主键属性,FiscalYearPeriod类封装其它属性以及FiscalYearPeriodPK类。
1.1 FiscalYearPeriod.java
类中封装有基本的属性,并把FiscalYearPeriodPK类作为属性封装到类中,并在配置文件中配置相应的映射,如下代码:
package com.src.hibernate; import java.sql.Date; public class FiscalYearPeriod { //时间主键 private FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK; public FiscalYearPeriodPK getFiscalYearPeriodPK() { return fiscalYearPeriodPK; } public void setFiscalYearPeriodPK(FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK) { this.fiscalYearPeriodPK = fiscalYearPeriodPK; } //开始日期 private Date beginDate; public Date getBeginDate() { return beginDate; } public void setBeginDate(Date beginDate) { this.beginDate = beginDate; } //结束日期 private Date endDate; public Date getEndDate() { return endDate; } public void setEndDate(Date endDate) { this.endDate = endDate; } //阶段时间 private String periodSts; public String getPeriodSts() { return periodSts; } public void setPeriodSts(String periodSts) { this.periodSts = periodSts; } }
1.2 FiscalYearPeriodPK.java
封装主键属性,该类是从FiscalYearPeriod类中分离出来的,包含了基本的主键属性,并且需要实现接口Serializable,该类是要映射到配置文件中
package com.src.hibernate; import java.io.Serializable; public class FiscalYearPeriodPK implements Serializable { //年限 private int fiscalYear; public int getFiscalYear() { return fiscalYear; } public void setFiscalYear(int fiscalYear) { this.fiscalYear = fiscalYear; } //持续时间 private int fiscalPeriod; public int getFiscalPeriod() { return fiscalPeriod; } public void setFiscalPeriod(int fiscalPeriod) { this.fiscalPeriod = fiscalPeriod; } }
2、配置文件
这里有个疑问两个类都是哪个需要添加映射文件?因为会使用
<&#63;xml version="1.0"&#63;>
将上面的文件生成对应的数据库表,生成的sql语句如下:
drop table if exists t_fiscal_year_period_pk create table t_fiscal_year_period_pk (fiscalYear integer not null, fiscalPeriod integer not null, beginDate date, endDate date, periodSts varchar(255), primary key (fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod))
对应的表结构如下图:
3、数据操作
相应的映射文件配置好后,相应的数据操作就变得很简单了,首先从写入数据开始,向数据库中写入数据时会同时把两个类写入到数据库中,所以此时这两个类都必须转化为Transient状态,所以在保存时需要首先将FiscalYearPeriod对象首先保存到数据库中,然后它会自动关联复合属性,将信息保存到数据库中。
3.1 写入操作
写入的操作方法和以前的写入方法相同,需要定义两个对象,然后保存相应的对象信息到数据库中,代码如下:
public void testSave1(){ //声明会话对象 Session session=null; try{ //获取会话对象 session=HibernateUtils.getSession(); //开启会话 session.beginTransaction(); //创建复合对象 FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk=new FiscalYearPeriodPK(); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod(2014); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear(2012); //创建对象 FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod=new FiscalYearPeriod(); fiscalyearperiod.setFiscalYearPeriodPK(fiscalyearperiodpk); session.save(fiscalyearperiod); //提交会话 session.getTransaction().commit(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); session.getTransaction().rollback(); }finally{ HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } }
执行相应的测试方法,生成的SQL语句如下:
Hibernate: insert into t_fiscal_year_period_pk (beginDate, endDate, periodSts, fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod) values (&#63;, &#63;, &#63;, &#63;, &#63;)
相应的数据库视图:
3.2 加载操作
相应的加载方法会和以前不同,因为在该表中主键是复合属性,所以需要创建一个类。在加载数据时需要创建主键对象,此时的主键就是一个对象,更需要为对象的属性赋值,这样才能获取对象,代码如下:
public void testLoad1(){ //声明会话对象 Session session=null; try{ //获取会话对象 session=HibernateUtils.getSession(); //开启会话 session.beginTransaction(); //创建复合对象 FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk=new FiscalYearPeriodPK(); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod(2014); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear(2012); FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod=(FiscalYearPeriod)session.load(FiscalYearPeriod.class,fiscalyearperiodpk); System.out.println("开始日期: "+fiscalyearperiod.getBeginDate()); //提交会话 session.getTransaction().commit(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); session.getTransaction().rollback(); }finally{ HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } }
生成的结果,如下:
Hibernate: select fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear as fiscalYear0_0_, fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod as fiscalPe2_0_0_, fiscalyear0_.beginDate as beginDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.endDate as endDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.periodSts as periodSts0_0_ from t_fiscal_year_period_pk fiscalyear0_ where fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear=&#63; and fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod=&#63; 开始日期: 2013-10-12
4、综合示例
一个规模较大公司的部门表(hibernate_dept_compositePK),由所在区域(area),部门名(name),本部门人数(empCount),组建时间(birthday)等字段组成,我们使用所在区域和部门名做联合主键:
4.1 目标类:Department.java
public class Department { /** 把主键关联属性抽象出来单独写成一个类 */ //private String area; //private String name; /**把主键类对象作为成员变量*/ private DepartmentPK departmentPK; private int empCount; private Date birthday; // public String getArea() { // return area; // } // // public void setArea(String area) { // this.area = area; // } // // public String getName() { // return name; // } // // public void setName(String name) { // this.name = name; // } public int getEmpCount() { return empCount; } public void setEmpCount(int empCount) { this.empCount = empCount; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public DepartmentPK getDepartmentPK() { return departmentPK; } public void setDepartmentPK(DepartmentPK departmentPK) { this.departmentPK = departmentPK; } }
4.2主键类:DepartmentPK.java
public class DepartmentPK implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersiOnUID= -288002855915204255L; private String area; private String name; /** * 覆盖hashCode方法(根据area和name判断) */ //@Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + ((area == null) &#63; 0 : area.hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((name == null) &#63; 0 : name.hashCode()); return result; } /** * 覆盖equals(根据area和name判断) */ @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (this == obj) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false; final DepartmentPK other = (DepartmentPK) obj; if (area == null) { if (other.area != null) return false; } else if (!area.equals(other.area)) return false; if (name == null) { if (other.name != null) return false; } else if (!name.equals(other.name)) return false; return true; } public String getArea() { return area; } public void setArea(String area) { this.area = area; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
4.3 映射文件Department.hbm.xml
<&#63;xml version="1.0"&#63;>
4.4 hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
<&#63;xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'&#63;>org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl10 scott yf123 oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver true
4.5测试类:DepartmentTest.java
public class DepartmentTest extends TestCase { /** * 测试插入数据 */ public void save() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { Department dept = new Department(); /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea("北京"); deptPK.setName("研发部"); dept.setDepartmentPK(deptPK); dept.setEmpCount(100); dept.setBirthday(new Date()); session.save(dept); t.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } /** * 测试加载数据 */ public void load() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea("北京"); deptPK.setName("研发部"); Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK); System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+dept.getEmpCount()+","+dept.getBirthday()); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } /** * 测试修改数据 */ public void update() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea("北京"); deptPK.setName("研发部"); Department emp=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK); System.out.println(emp.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+emp.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+emp.getEmpCount()+","+emp.getBirthday()); emp.setEmpCount(100); session.saveOrUpdate(emp); /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK2 = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK2.setArea("北京"); deptPK2.setName("研发部"); Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK2); System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+","+dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+","+dept.getEmpCount()+","+dept.getBirthday()); t.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } /** * 测试删除数据 */ public void delete() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea("北京"); deptPK.setName("研发部"); Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department.class, deptPK); session.delete(dept); t.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } }