高性能RabbitMQ

作者：黄自安_725 | 来源：互联网 | 2023-07-07 20:05

1,什么是RabbitMqRabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件）。RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的，而集群和

1,什么是RabbitMq

RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件）。RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的，而集群和故障转移是构建在开放电信平台框架上的。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库。

百度百科，RabbitMQ 官网 AMQP 协议

2,几种MQ对比

RabbitMQ 是用Erlang 语言进行开发的，一款设计之初就是抗高并发的语言

3,RabbitMQ 安装

1.下载并安装erlang,下载地址：http://www.erlang.org/download
2.配置erlang环境变量信息
新增环境变量ERLANG_HOME=erlang的安装地址
将%ERLANG_HOME%\bin加入到path中
3.下载并安装RabbitMQ，下载地址：http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html

注意: RabbitMQ 它依赖于Erlang,需要先安装Erlang。

RabbitMQ 管理平台地址 http://127.0.0.1:15672

默认账号:guest/guest 用户可以自己创建新的账号

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35098526/article/details/80009424 安装之后启动不了，可以在sbin 里面：

输入：rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management （先定位到rabbitmq安装目录）命令，出现plugins安装成功的提示。

过程：

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17134.950]
C:\Program Files\RabbitMQ Server>
C:\Program Files\RabbitMQ Server>cd rabbitmq_server-3.7.8
C:\Program Files\RabbitMQ Server\rabbitmq_server-3.7.8>cd sbin
C:\Program Files\RabbitMQ Server\rabbitmq_server-3.7.8\sbin>rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
Enabling plugins on node [email protected]-2MDM24J:
rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been configured:
rabbitmq_management
rabbitmq_management_agent
rabbitmq_web_dispatch
Applying plugin configuration to [email protected]-2MDM24J...
The following plugins have been enabled:
rabbitmq_management
rabbitmq_management_agent
rabbitmq_web_dispatch
started 3 plugins.

4,RabbitMQ 五种队列形式

1.点对点队列，也可以叫做简单队列

生产者投递的消息，每次只准一个消费者来消费，如果消费者集群的话，消息会被均摊。

例如：50 个消息，2个消费者，消费者1会消费奇数，消费者2会消费偶数，两个消费者不受影响，各自消费各自的消息

producer:

public class Producer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_simple_queue_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列声明
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for (int i = 0; i <50; i++) {
String msg = "Hello, World :" + i;
System.out.println(msg);
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}

consumer1:

public class Consumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_simple_queue_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
System.out.println("consumer1");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列声明
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msgString = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取消息:" + msgString);
}
};
// 3.监听队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); //true 代表采用自动签收的应答模式
}
}

consumer2:

public class Consumer2 {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_simple_queue_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
System.out.println("consumer2");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列声明
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msgString = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取消息:" + msgString);
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
// 3.监听队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); //true 代表采用自动签收的应答模式
}
}

2，工作队列模式，也可以叫做公平队列模式

点对点简单队列弊端：消费者集群的话，消息会被均摊处理，但是不同的消费者处理消息的能力是不同的，consumer1 每秒处理1个消息，consumer2 美妙处理3个消息，如果消息均摊，consumer1的效率则被浪费。

公平消费模式：谁处理的快，并且采用手动签收，告知RabbitMQ之后,RabbitMQ 再给分发消息。这样，谁处理的快，谁就会处理的多。

producer:

public class Producer {
// 公平队列名称
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_fair_queue_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 创建队列声明
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 保证消费者只能取一个/每次
channel.basicQos(1); //每次只给消费者1条消息，等消费完成，手动ack 应答之后，再给下一条
for (int i = 0; i <50; i++) {
String msg = "Hello, World: " + i;
System.out.println(msg);
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}

consumer1:

public class Consumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_fair_queue_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

System.out.println("consumer01");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列声明
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
channel.basicQos(1);
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msgString = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取消息:" + msgString);
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
// 3.监听队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); //false 代表使用手动消息应答，需要使用channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false) 告知消息中间件
}
}

consumer2:

public class Consumer2 {

private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_fair_queue_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
System.out.println("consumer02");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列声明
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
channel.basicQos(1);
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msgString = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取消息:" + msgString);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000); //让这个消费者处理消息的能力更差一点
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
// 3.监听队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
}
}

3，发布订阅模式，采用fanout 扇形交换机，

高级队列模式中，有交换机，生产者将消息发给交换机，在根据交换机的类型，发给定的的队列，然后发给指定的消费者消费

producer:

public class Producer {
// 定义交换机名称
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_pubsub_exchanger_one";
// 定义交换机类型
private static final String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "fanout";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 和rabbitmq 建立连接
Connection cOnnection= MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 创建交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);

String message = "pub/sub";

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());

channel.close();

connection.close();
}
}

邮件消费者：

ublic class EmailConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_pubsub_email_queue_one";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_pubsub_exchanger_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

System.out.println("邮件消费者。。。");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 将队列和交换机进行绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取生产者消息 :" + msg);
}
};
// 消费者监听队列消息 true 代表自动签收
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}

短信消费者：

// 信息消费者
public class TextConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_pubsub_text_queue_one";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_pubsub_exchanger_one";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

System.out.println("短信消费者。。。");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 将队列和交换机进行绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取生产者消息 :" + msg);
}
};
// 消费者监听队列消息 true 代表自动签收
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}

4，路由模式：采用direct 交换机

producer:

public class Producer {
// 定义交换机名称
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_direct_exchanger_one";
// 定义交换机类型
private static final String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
// 定义路由
private static final String ROUTINGKEY = "info";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 和rabbitmq 建立连接
Connection cOnnection= MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 创建交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);

String message = "pub/sub";

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTINGKEY, null, message.getBytes());

channel.close();

connection.close();
}
}

邮件消费者：

public class EmailConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_direct_email_queue_one";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_direct_exchanger_one";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY_INFO = "info";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

System.out.println("邮件消费者。。。");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 将队列和交换机进行绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTINGKEY_INFO);
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取生产者消息 :" + msg);
}
};
// 消费者监听队列消息 true 代表自动签收
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}

短信消费者：

public class TextConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_direct_text_queue_one";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_direct_exchanger_one";
// 设定路由
private static final String ROUTINGKEY_INFO = "info";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY_WARN = "warn";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
System.out.println("短信消费者。。。");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 将队列和交换机进行绑定绑定路由
//info 和 warn 路由的都能接收到
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTINGKEY_INFO);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTINGKEY_WARN);

DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取生产者消息 :" + msg);
}
};
// 消费者监听队列消息 true 代表自动签收
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}

5，通配符模式，采用topic 交换机 # 代表任意 * 代表一个

producer:

public class Producer {
// 定义交换机名称
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_topic_exchanger_one";
// 定义交换机类型
private static final String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
// 定义路由
private static final String ROUTINGKEY = "routingkey.info.error.warn";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 和rabbitmq 建立连接
Connection cOnnection= MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
// 创建channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 创建交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);

String message = "pub/sub";

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTINGKEY, null, message.getBytes());

channel.close();

connection.close();
}
}

邮件消费者：

public class EmailConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_topic_email_queue_one";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_topic_exchanger_one";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY = "routingkey.#";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

System.out.println("邮件消费者。。。");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 将队列和交换机进行绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTINGKEY);
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取生产者消息 :" + msg);
}
};
// 消费者监听队列消息 true 代表自动签收
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}

短信消费者：

public class TextConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "rabbitmq_topic_text_queue_one";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "rabbitmq_topic_exchanger_one";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY = "routingkey.info.*";
// 设定路由
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
System.out.println("短信消费者。。。");
Connection connection = MQConnectionUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 将队列和交换机进行绑定绑定路由
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTINGKEY);
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("消费者获取生产者消息 :" + msg);
}
};
// 消费者监听队列消息 true 代表自动签收
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}