RabbitMQ简介
RabbitMQ是一个开源的AMQP实现,服务器端用Erlang语言编写,支持多种客户端,如:Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP等,支持AJAX。用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息,在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现不俗。
AMQP,即Advanced message Queuing Protocol,高级消息队列协议,是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计。消息中间件主要用于组件之间的解耦,消息的发送者无需知道消息使用者的存在,反之亦然。
AMQP的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由(包括点对点和发布/订阅)、可靠性、安全。
注意事项
centos 7.x 关闭firewall
$ systemctl stop firewalld.service # 停止firewall
不想关闭防火墙,就开放15672端口,设置之后可以通过网页方式管理MQ
安装安装iptables防火墙
yum install iptables-services
添加配置
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 5672 -j ACCEPT
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 15672 -j ACCEPT
保存配置
service iptables save
重启
systemctl restart iptables.service
设置开机自启动
systemctl enable iptables.service
安装
安装 Erlang
RabbitMQ 安装需要依赖 Erlang 环境
$ cd /usr/local/src
$ wget http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-19.0.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
$ yum install erlang-19.0.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
安装 RabbitMQ
$ cd /usr/local/src
$ wget http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.10/rabbitmq-server-3.6.10-1.el7.noarch.rpm
$ yum install rabbitmq-server-3.6.10-1.el7.noarch.rpm
启动服务
$ service rabbitmq-server start
服务状态
$ service rabbitmq-server status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status rabbitmq-server.service
● rabbitmq-server.service - RabbitMQ broker
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2018-03-05 21:42:10 CST; 15s ago
Main PID: 2493 (beam.smp)
Status: "Initialized"
CGroup: /system.slice/rabbitmq-server.service
├─2493 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-8.0.3/bin/beam.smp -W w -A 64 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -stbt db -zdbbl 32000 -K true -- -root /usr/lib64/erlang -progname erl -- -home /var/l...
├─2634 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-8.0.3/bin/epmd -daemon
├─2750 erl_child_setup 1024
├─2760 inet_gethost 4
└─2761 inet_gethost 4
3月 05 21:42:07 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: RabbitMQ 3.6.10. Copyright (C) 2007-2017 Pivotal Software, Inc.
3月 05 21:42:07 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: ## ## Licensed under the MPL. See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
3月 05 21:42:07 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: ## ##
3月 05 21:42:07 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: ########## Logs: /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@master01.log
3月 05 21:42:07 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: ###### ## /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@master01-sasl.log
3月 05 21:42:07 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: ##########
3月 05 21:42:07 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: Starting broker...
3月 05 21:42:10 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: systemd unit for activation check: "rabbitmq-server.service"
3月 05 21:42:10 master01 systemd[1]: Started RabbitMQ broker.
3月 05 21:42:10 master01 rabbitmq-server[2493]: completed with 0 plugins.
查看日志
$ less /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit\@master01.log
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:07 ===
Starting RabbitMQ 3.6.10 on Erlang 19.0.4
Copyright (C) 2007-2017 Pivotal Software, Inc.
Licensed under the MPL. See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:07 ===
node : rabbit@master01
home dir : /var/lib/rabbitmq
config file(s) : /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config (not found)
COOKIE hash : +9loSJmR5x/9GEguoed28A==
log : /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@master01.log
sasl log : /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@master01-sasl.log
database dir : /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@master01
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Memory limit set to 732MB of 1831MB total.
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Enabling free disk space mOnitoring=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Disk free limit set to 50MB
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Limiting to approx 924 file handles (829 sockets)
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
FHC read buffering: OFF
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:07 ===
Starting RabbitMQ 3.6.10 on Erlang 19.0.4
Copyright (C) 2007-2017 Pivotal Software, Inc.
Licensed under the MPL. See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:07 ===
node : rabbit@master01
home dir : /var/lib/rabbitmq
config file(s) : /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config (not found)
COOKIE hash : +9loSJmR5x/9GEguoed28A==
log : /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@master01.log
sasl log : /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@master01-sasl.log
database dir : /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@master01
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Memory limit set to 732MB of 1831MB total.
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Enabling free disk space mOnitoring=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Disk free limit set to 50MB
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Limiting to approx 924 file handles (829 sockets)
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
FHC read buffering: OFF
FHC write buffering: ON
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Database directory at /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@master01 is empty. Initialising from scratch...
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Waiting for Mnesia tables for 30000 ms, 9 retries left
=INFO REPORT==== 5-Mar-2018::21:42:09 ===
Waiting for Mnesia tables for 30000 ms, 9 retries left
这里显示的是没有找到配置文件,我们可以自己创建这个文件
config file(s) : /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config (not found)
创建rabbitmq.config
$ cd /etc/rabbitmq/
$ vim rabbitmq.config
编辑内容如下:
[{rabbit, [{loopback_users, []}]}].
这里的意思是开放使用,rabbitmq默认创建的用户guest,密码也是guest,这个用户默认只能是本机访问,localhost或者127.0.0.1,从外部访问需要添加上面的配置。
保存配置后重启服务
$ service rabbitmq-server restart
开启管理UI
$ /sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
重启服务
$ service rabbitmq-server restart
访问管理UI
通过 http://ip:15672 使用guest, guest 进行登陆了.
授权操作
添加用户
处于安全的考虑,guest这个默认的用户只能通过http://localhost:15672 来登录,其他的IP无法直接使用这个账号。 这对于服务器上没有安装桌面的情况是无法管理维护的,除非通过在前面添加一层代理向外提供服务,这个又有些麻烦了,这里通过配置文件来实现这个功能
命令格式
rabbitmqctl add_user
$ rabbitmqctl add_user zhdya 123456
Creating user "zhdya"
删除用户
rabbitmqctl delete_user
$ rabbitmqctl delete_user admin_test
Deleting user "admin_test"
修改密码
rabbitmqctl change_password
$ rabbitmqctl change_password zhdya 123456
Changing password for user "zhdya"
用户授权
rabbitmqctl set_permissions [-pvhostpath] {user} {conf} {write} {read}
该命令使用户zhdya /(可以访问虚拟主机) 中所有资源的配置、写、读权限以便管理其中的资源
$ rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" zhdya ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "zhdya" in vhost "/"
查看用户授权
rabbitmqctl list_permissions [-p VHostPath]
$ rabbitmqctl list_permissions -p /
Listing permissions in vhost "/"
guest .* .* .*
zhdya .* .* .*
查看当前用户列表
可以看到添加用户成功了,但不是administrator角色
$ rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users
guest [administrator]
zhdya []
添加角色
这里我们也将ymq用户设置为administrator角色
命令格式
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags
$ rabbitmqctl set_user_tags zhdya administrator
Setting tags for user "zhdya" to [administrator]
再次查看权限
$ rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users
guest [administrator]
zhdya [administrator]
清除权限信息
rabbitmqctl clear_permissions [-p VHostPath] ymq
rabbitmqctl clear_permissions -p / zhdya
Clearing permissions for user "zhdya" in vhost "/"
官方文档
安装:https://www.rabbitmq.com/install-debian.html
访问控制:https://www.rabbitmq.com/access-control.html
网络:https://www.rabbitmq.com/networking.html
配置:https://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html
集群:https://www.rabbitmq.com/clustering.html
命令:https://www.rabbitmq.com/man/rabbitmqctl.1.man.html#set_user_tags
web 界面
添加用户
鼠标点击,划红线的角色,选择一种
RabbitMQ的用户角色分类:
none、management、policymaker、monitoring、administrator
RabbitMQ各类角色描述:
none
不能访问 management plugin
management
用户可以通过AMQP做的任何事外加:
列出自己可以通过AMQP登入的virtual hosts
查看自己的virtual hosts中的queues, exchanges 和 bindings
查看和关闭自己的channels 和 connections
查看有关自己的virtual hosts的“全局”的统计信息,包含其他用户在这些virtual hosts中的活动。
policymaker
management可以做的任何事外加:
查看、创建和删除自己的virtual hosts所属的policies和parameters
monitoring
management可以做的任何事外加:
列出所有virtual hosts,包括他们不能登录的virtual hosts
查看其他用户的connections和channels
查看节点级别的数据如clustering和memory使用情况
查看真正的关于所有virtual hosts的全局的统计信息
administrator
policymaker和monitoring可以做的任何事外加:
创建和删除virtual hosts
查看、创建和删除users
查看创建和删除permissions
关闭其他用户的connections
设置权限
该用户无权访问任何虚拟主机
点击 用户名 Set permission
设置可以访问虚拟主机 中所有资源的配置、写、读权限以便管理其中的资源
至此rabbitMQ单机服务已经完全搭建完毕,下面来操作单机多实例:
rabbitMQ 单机多实例
其实在操作前我在网上看到了很多这种方案,多数为如下:
RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5672 RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit1 rabbitmq-server -detached
RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5673 RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit2 rabbitmq-server -detached
RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5674 RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit3 rabbitmq-server -detached
不过我觉得对于新人来说过于简陋和不负责任!!!
第一个节点
下面指定了特定hostname启动的,当然你也可以指定 为localhost。
[root@master01 sbin]# vim /etc/hosts
#127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 master01
启动第一个节点
RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5672 RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit@master01 ./rabbitmq-server
第二个节点
[root@master01 sbin]# RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5673 RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit1@master01 rabbitmq-server -detached
Warning: PID file not written; -detached was passed.
你可能发现不了什么,假如你去掉-detached 你会发现,最后你得到了一个这样的错误信息:崩溃了的信息。。。
Crash dump is being written to: erl_crash.dump...done
往上翻信息或者查看日志,你会看到这样的提示:
BOOT FAILED
===========
Error description:
{could_not_start,rabbitmq_mqtt,
{{shutdown,
{failed_to_start_child,'rabbit_mqtt_listener_sup_:::1883',
{shutdown,
{failed_to_start_child,
{ranch_listener_sup,{acceptor,{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},1883}},
{shutdown,
{failed_to_start_child,ranch_acceptors_sup,
{listen_error,
{acceptor,{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},1883},
eaddrinuse}}}}}}},
{rabbit_mqtt,start,[normal,[]]}}}
启动第二个节点
[root@master01 sbin]# RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5673 RABBITMQ_SERVER_START_ARGS="-rabbitmq_management listener [{port,15673}] -rabbitmq_stomp tcp_listeners [61614] -rabbitmq_mqtt tcp_listeners [1884]" RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit1 ./rabbitmq-server -detached
Warning: PID file not written; -detached was passed.
查看端口:
[root@master01 sbin]# !net
netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4369 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3779/epmd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1348/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:15672 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3598/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:15673 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5679/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2065/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25672 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3598/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25673 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5679/beam.smp
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1418/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::4369 :::* LISTEN 3779/epmd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1348/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2065/master
tcp6 0 0 :::5672 :::* LISTEN 3598/beam.smp
tcp6 0 0 :::5673 :::* LISTEN 5679/beam.smp
查看rabbit1的状态:
cd /sbin/
./rabbitmqctl status -n rabbit1
第三个节点
[root@master01 sbin]# RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5674 RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit2@master01 rabbitmq-server -detached
Warning: PID file not written; -detached was passed.
启动第三个节点
[root@master01 sbin]# RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5674 RABBITMQ_SERVER_START_ARGS="-rabbitmq_management listener [{port,15674}] -rabbitmq_stomp tcp_listeners [61615] -rabbitmq_mqtt tcp_listeners [1885]" RABBITMQ_NODENAME=rabbit2 ./rabbitmq-server -detached
Warning: PID file not written; -detached was passed.
查看rabbit2的状态:
cd /sbin/
./rabbitmqctl status -n rabbit2
查看启动状态:
[root@master01 sbin]# !net
netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25674 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6759/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4369 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3779/epmd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1348/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:15672 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3598/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:15673 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5679/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2065/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:15674 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6759/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25672 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3598/beam.smp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25673 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5679/beam.smp
tcp6 0 0 :::5674 :::* LISTEN 6759/beam.smp
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1418/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::4369 :::* LISTEN 3779/epmd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1348/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2065/master
tcp6 0 0 :::5672 :::* LISTEN 3598/beam.smp
tcp6 0 0 :::5673 :::* LISTEN 5679/beam.smp
这样的话你可以通过:http://192.168.161.161:15672/#/,http://192.168.161.161:15673/#/ ,http://192.168.161.161:15674/#/ 访问web查看相关节点是否真的存在。下面就是如何实现集群操作了。
集群操作
把节点rabbit1 加入 rabbit中
1.停止第二个节点的应用程序
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1@master01 stop_app
2.重新设置第二个节点的元数据和状态为清空状态。
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1@master01 reset
3.加入第一节点
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1@master01 join_cluster rabbit@localhost
4.重新启动第二节点
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit1@master01 start_app
现在再次登陆web界面你可以到web端看到集群已经存在了!!!
把节点rabbit2 加入 rabbit中
同如上步骤的1234:其中注意点是,如果你需要设置第三个集群节点为内存模式,而非磁盘模式,可以参考当前版本的命令提示,在最后加上 ?ram 参数
添加第三节点的完整命令
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2@master01 stop_app
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2@master01 reset
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2@master01 join_cluster rabbit@master01
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2@master01 start_app
注意:如上第三步,如果你要设置第三个集群节点为内存模式,而非磁盘模式,那就需要 --ram
./rabbitmqctl -n rabbit2@master01 join_cluster rabbit@master01 --ram
查看集群状态
./rabbitmqctl cluster_status -n rabbit@localhost
[root@master01 sbin]# ./rabbitmqctl cluster_status -n rabbit@localhost
Cluster status of node rabbit@localhost
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit1@master01','rabbit2@master01',
rabbit@localhost]}]},
{running_nodes,['rabbit2@master01','rabbit1@master01',
rabbit@localhost]},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@master01">>},
{partitions,[]},
{alarms,[{'rabbit2@master01',[]},
{'rabbit1@master01',[]},
{rabbit@localhost,[]}]}]
到web端看下效果吧!!!
至此,集群搭建完毕。
遇到的问题:
RabbitMQ在安装后可能会出现无法启动,如:
Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@192... failed.
* Could not contact node rabbit@192.
Changes will take effect at broker restart.
* Options: --online - fail if broker cannot be contacted.
--offline - do not try to contact broker.
Error: unable to connect to node rabbit@192: nodedown
DIAGNOSTICS
===========
attempted to contact: [rabbit@192]
rabbit@192:
* unable to connect to epmd (port 4369) on 192: badarg (unknown POSIX error)
current node details:
- node name: 'rabbitmq-cli-97@192'
- home dir: /var/lib/rabbitmq
- COOKIE hash: rb2CNGgDqm+k5+jq1wj6vg==
Error: unable to connect to node rabbit@192: nodedown
解决办法
vi /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf
在文件中写入“NODENAME=rabbit@localhost”
,保存。
总结