CentOS7系列--1.2CentOS7基本设置

CentOS7基本设置

1. 查看相关信息

1.1. 查看系统信息

1.1.1. 查看系统位数

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# uname -a

Linux centos7.smartmap 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

方法2：显示系统程序信息

[root@centos7 ~]# file /bin/ls

/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=3d705971a4c4544545cb78fd890d27bf792af6d4, stripped

方法3：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/version

Linux version 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016

方法4：

（32位的系统中int类型和long类型一般都是4字节，64位的系统中int类型还是4字节的，但是long已变成了8字节inux系统中可用"getconf WORD_BIT"和"getconf LONG_BIT"获得word和long的位数。64位系统中应该分别得到32和64。）

[root@centos7 ~]# getconf LONG_BIT

64

1.1.2. 查看系统版本

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# lsb_release -a

方法2：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/os-release

NAME="CentOS Linux"

VERSION="7 (Core)"

ID="centos"

ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"

VERSION_ID="7"

PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"

ANSI_COLOR="0;31"

CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"

HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"

BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"

REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"

REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

方法3：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

方法4：

[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -q centos-release

centos-release-7-3.1611.el7.centos.x86_64

1.1.3. 查看内核版本

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/version

Linux version 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016

方法2：

[root@centos7 ~]# uname -a

Linux centos7.smartmap 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

1.1.4. 查看默认语言

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# echo $LANG $LANGUAGE

en_US.UTF-8

1.2. 查看主机名

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# hostname

centos7.smartmap

方法2：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/hostname

centos7.smartmap

方法3：

[root@centos7 ~]# hostnamectl

Static hostname: centos7.smartmap

Icon name: computer-vm

Chassis: vm

Machine ID: 7f288507ab404a89bfcfc3030e334c3b

Boot ID: f8a46efd003c4e83bead7cb635cbc21a

Virtualization: vmware

Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7

Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

Architecture: x86-64

方法4：

[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli general hostname

centos7.smartmap

1.3. 查看IP

/etc/sysconfig/network 说是全局设置，默认里面啥也没有，可以添加全局默认网关

/etc/hostname 　用nmtui修改hostname后，主机名保存在这里

/etc/resolv.conf 　　保存DNS设置，不需要手工改，nmtui里面设置的DNS会出现在这里

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/　　　　　　　连接配置信息 ifcfg 文件

/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ VPN、移动宽带、PPPoE连接

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# ip addr

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:56:e1:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.101/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 4765sec preferred_lft 4765sec

inet6 fe80::2eef:6152:a121:4867/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

方法2：

[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli

ens33: connected to ens33

"Intel 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (PRO/1000 MT Single Port Adapter)"

ethernet (e1000), 00:0C:29:56:E1:F1, hw, mtu 1500

ip4 default

inet4 192.168.1.101/24

inet6 fe80::2eef:6152:a121:4867/64

lo: unmanaged

loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536

Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and

"nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles.

Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(5) manual pages for complete usage details.

1.4. 查看网关

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network

# Created by anaconda

NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=appserver.smartmap.com

 

方法2：

1.5. 查看路由

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# ip route

default via 192.168.1.1 dev ens33 proto static metric 100

192.168.1.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 100

方法2：

[root@centos7 ~]# ip route show

default via 192.168.1.1 dev ens33 proto static metric 100

192.168.1.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 100

192.168.1.101 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 100

1.6. 查看DNS

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search smartmap

nameserver 218.30.19.50

nameserver 61.134.1.5

2. 修改主机名

方法1：

[root@centos7 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname appserver.smartmap

[root@centos7 ~]# hostname

appserver.smartmap

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/hostname

192.168.1.110 appserver appserver.smartmap.com

方法2：

[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli general hostname centos7.smartmap

[root@centos7 ~]# hostname

centos7.smartmap

3. 修改IP

3.1. 应用nmtui的字符界面修改IP：

[root@centos7 ~]# nmtui

3.2. 应用nmcli的命令修改IP：

[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli

ens33: connected to ens33

"Intel 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (PRO/1000 MT Single Port Adapter)"

ethernet (e1000), 00:0C:29:56:E1:F1, hw, mtu 1500

ip4 default

inet4 192.168.1.101/24

inet6 fe80::2eef:6152:a121:4867/64

lo: unmanaged

loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536

Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and

"nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles.

Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(5) manual pages for complete usage details.

[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli connection edit ens33

===| nmcli interactive connection editor |===

Editing existing '802-3-ethernet' connection: 'ens33'

Type 'help' or '?' for available commands.

Type 'describe [.]' for detailed property description.

You may edit the following settings: connection, 802-3-ethernet (ethernet), 802-1x, dcb, ipv4, ipv6

nmcli> goto ipv4

You may edit the following properties: method, dns, dns-search, dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns, dhcp-hostname, dhcp-send-hostname, never-default, may-fail, dad-timeout, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-client-id, dhcp-fqdn

nmcli ipv4> set method manual

nmcli ipv4> set addresses 192.168.1.101/24

nmcli ipv4> set gateway 192.168.1.1

nmcli ipv4> set dns-search smartmap

nmcli ipv4> set dns 218.30.19.50 61.134.1.5

nmcli ipv4> back

nmcli> save

Connection 'ens33' (6143dab0-d2d8-4558-93e1-f417b95866de) successfully updated.

nmcli> goto connection

You may edit the following properties: id, uuid, interface-name, type, permissions, autoconnect, autoconnect-priority, timestamp, read-only, zone, master, slave-type, autoconnect-slaves, secondaries, gateway-ping-timeout, metered, lldp, stable-id

nmcli connection> set autoconnect true

nmcli connection> back

nmcli> save

Connection 'ens33' (6143dab0-d2d8-4558-93e1-f417b95866de) successfully updated.

nmcli> q

查看修改结果

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCOnF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=6143dab0-d2d8-4558-93e1-f417b95866de

DEVICE=ens33

OnBOOT=yes

DNS1=218.30.19.50

DNS2=61.134.1.5

DOMAIN=smartmap

IPADDR1=192.168.1.101

PREFIX1=32

IPADDR=192.168.1.101

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPV6_PRIVACY=no

4. 重启网卡

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart network.service

5. 关闭selinux

[root@centos7 ~]# getenforce

Disabled

[root@centos7 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

修改SELINUX=enforcing为SELINUX=disabled

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

6. 关闭firewall

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status firewalld

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

Docs: man:firewalld(1)

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

[root@centos7 ~]# reboot

7. 系统更新

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y update

参考： http://www.cnblogs.com/panblack/p/Centos7-WhatsNew-02-networking.html