C#中HttpWebRequest、WebClient、HttpClient的使用详解

 　　　　//POST方法
    public static string HttpPost(string Url, string postDataStr)
    {
      HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(Url);
      request.Method = "POST";
      request.COntentType= "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
      Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
      byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(postDataStr);
      request.COntentLength= postData.Length;
      Stream myRequestStream = request.GetRequestStream();
      myRequestStream.Write(postData, 0, postData.Length);
      myRequestStream.Close();
      HttpWebResponse respOnse= (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
      Stream myRespOnseStream= response.GetResponseStream();
      StreamReader myStreamReader = new StreamReader(myResponseStream, encoding);
      string retString = myStreamReader.ReadToEnd();
      myStreamReader.Close();
      myResponseStream.Close();

      return retString;
    }
    //GET方法
    public static string HttpGet(string Url, string postDataStr)
    {
      HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(Url + (postDataStr == "" &＃63; "" : "&＃63;") + postDataStr);
      request.Method = "GET";
      request.COntentType= "text/html;charset=UTF-8";
      HttpWebResponse respOnse= (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
      Stream myRespOnseStream= response.GetResponseStream();
      StreamReader myStreamReader = new StreamReader(myResponseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8"));
      string retString = myStreamReader.ReadToEnd();
      myStreamReader.Close();
      myResponseStream.Close();
      return retString;
    }

public class WebClientHelper
  {
    public static string DownloadString(string url)
    {
      WebClient wc = new WebClient();
      //wc.BaseAddress = url;  //设置根目录
      wc.Encoding = Encoding.UTF8;  //设置按照何种编码访问，如果不加此行，获取到的字符串中文将是乱码
      string str = wc.DownloadString(url);
      return str;
    }
    public static string DownloadStreamString(string url)
    {
      WebClient wc = new WebClient();
      wc.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36");
      Stream objStream = wc.OpenRead(url);
      StreamReader _read = new StreamReader(objStream, Encoding.UTF8);  //新建一个读取流，用指定的编码读取，此处是utf-8
      string str = _read.ReadToEnd();
      objStream.Close();
      _read.Close();
      return str;
    }

    public static void DownloadFile(string url, string filename)
    {
      WebClient wc = new WebClient();
      wc.DownloadFile(url, filename);   //下载文件
    }

    public static void DownloadData(string url, string filename)
    {
      WebClient wc = new WebClient();
      byte [] bytes = wc.DownloadData(url);  //下载到字节数组
      FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create);
      fs.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); 
      fs.Flush();
      fs.Close();
    }

    public static void DownloadFileAsync(string url, string filename)
    {
      WebClient wc = new WebClient();
      wc.DownloadFileCompleted += DownCompletedEventHandler;
      wc.DownloadFileAsync(new Uri(url), filename);
      Console.WriteLine("下载中。。。");
    }
    private static void DownCompletedEventHandler(object sender, AsyncCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(sender.ToString());  //触发事件的对象
      Console.WriteLine(e.UserState);
      Console.WriteLine(e.Cancelled);
      Console.WriteLine("异步下载完成！");
    }

    public static void DownloadFileAsync2(string url, string filename)
    {
      WebClient wc = new WebClient();
      wc.DownloadFileCompleted += (sender, e) =>
      {
        Console.WriteLine("下载完成!");
        Console.WriteLine(sender.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine(e.UserState);
        Console.WriteLine(e.Cancelled);
      };
      wc.DownloadFileAsync(new Uri(url), filename);
      Console.WriteLine("下载中。。。");
    }
  }

public class Singleton { 
  private static Singleton instance = null; 
  private Singleton (){} 
 
  public static Singleton getInstance() { 
  if (instance == null) { 
    instance = new Singleton(); 
  } 
  return instance; 
  } 
}

public class Singleton { 
  private static Singleton instance = new Singleton(); 
  private Singleton (){} 
  public static Singleton getInstance() { 
  return instance; 
  } 
}

public class Singleton { 
  private volatile static Singleton singleton; 
  private Singleton (){} 
  public static Singleton getSingleton() { 
  if (singleton == null) { 
    synchronized (Singleton.class) { 
    if (singleton == null) { 
      singleton = new Singleton(); 
    } 
    } 
  } 
  return singleton; 
  } 
}

public class HttpClientHelper
  {
    private static readonly object LockObj = new object();
    private static HttpClient client = null;
    public HttpClientHelper() {
      GetInstance();
    }
    public static HttpClient GetInstance()
    {

      if (client == null)
      {
        lock (LockObj)
        {
          if (client == null)
          {
            client = new HttpClient();
          }
        }
      }
      return client;
    }
    public async Task PostAsync(string url, string strJson)//post异步请求方法
    {
      try
      {
        HttpContent cOntent= new StringContent(strJson);
        content.Headers.COntentType= new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
        //由HttpClient发出异步Post请求
        HttpResponseMessage res = await client.PostAsync(url, content);
        if (res.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK)
        {
          string str = res.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
          return str;
        }
        else
          return null;
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        return null;
      }
    }

    public string Post(string url, string strJson)//post同步请求方法
    {
      try
      {
        HttpContent cOntent= new StringContent(strJson);
        content.Headers.COntentType= new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
        //client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Connection.Add("keep-alive");
        //由HttpClient发出Post请求
        Task res = client.PostAsync(url, content);
        if (res.Result.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK)
        {
          string str = res.Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
          return str;
        }
        else
          return null;
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        return null;
      }
    }

    public string Get(string url)
    {
      try
      {
        var respOnseString= client.GetStringAsync(url);
        return responseString.Result;
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        return null;
      }
    }

  }

_httpClient = new HttpClient() { BaseAddress = new Uri(BASE_ADDRESS) };

    //帮HttpClient热身
    _httpClient.SendAsync(new HttpRequestMessage {
        Method = new HttpMethod("HEAD"), 
        RequestUri = new Uri(BASE_ADDRESS + "/") })
      .Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();