一.Intent的介绍
Intent的中文意思是“意图,意向”,在Android中提供了Intent机制来协助应用间的交互与通讯,Intent负责对应用中一次操作的动作、动作涉及数据、附加数据进行描述,Android则根据此Intent的描述,负责找到对应的组件,将 Intent传递给调用的组件,并完成组件的调用。Intent不仅可用于应用程序之间,也可用于应用程序内部的Activity/Service之间的交互。因此,可以将Intent理解为不同组件之间通信的“媒介”专门提供组件互相调用的相关信息。
二.Inten启动组件的方法
Intent可以启动一个Activity,也可以启动一个Service,还可以发起一个广播Broadcasts。具体方法如下:
组件名称 | 方法名称 |
Activity | startActvity( ) startActivity( ) |
Service | startService( ) bindService( ) |
Broadcasts | sendBroadcasts( ) sendOrderedBroadcasts( ) sendStickyBroadcasts( ) |
三.Intent的属性
Intent有以下几个属性:
动作(Action),数据(Data),分类(Category),类型(Type),组件(Compent)以及扩展信(Extra)。其中最常用的是Action属性和Data属性。
1.Intent的Action属性
Action是指Intent要完成的动作,是一个字符串常量。SDK中定义了一些标准的Action常量如下表所示。
Constant | Target component | Action |
ACTION_CALL | activity | Initiate a phone call. |
ACTION_EDIT | activity | Display data for the user to edit. |
ACTION_MAIN | activity | Start up as the initial activity of a task, with no data input and no returned output. |
ACTION_SYNC | activity | Synchronize data on a server with data on the mobile device. |
ACTION_BATTERY_LOW | broadcast receiver | A warning that the battery is low. |
ACTION_HEADSET_PLUG | broadcast receiver | A headset has been plugged into the device, or unplugged from it. |
ACTION_SCREEN_ON | broadcast receiver | The screen has been turned on. |
ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED | broadcast receiver | The setting for the time zone has changed. |
下面是一个测试Action常量的例子:
main.xml
- xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android&#61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation&#61;"vertical"
- android:layout_width&#61;"fill_parent"
- android:layout_height&#61;"fill_parent"
- >
- <TextView
- android:layout_width&#61;"fill_parent"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:text&#61;"&#64;string/hello"
- />
- <Button
- android:text&#61;"测试Action属性"
- android:id&#61;"&#64;&#43;id/getBtn"
- android:layout_width&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- />
- LinearLayout>
strings.xml
- xml version&#61;"1.0" encoding&#61;"utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <string name&#61;"hello">测试Action属性string>
- <string name&#61;"app_name">IntentActionDemostring>
- resources>
MainActivity.java
- package com.android.action.activity;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
-
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private Button getBtn;
- &#64;Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
-
- getBtn&#61;(Button)findViewById(R.id.getBtn);
- getBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- &#64;Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- Intent intent &#61; new Intent();
- intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);// 设置Intent Action属性
- intent.setType("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone");// 设置Intent Type 属性
- //主要是获取通讯录的内容
- startActivity(intent); // 启动Activity
- }
- });
- }
- }
效果图&#xff1a;
2.Intent的Data属性
Intent的Data属性是执行动作的URI和MIME类型&#xff0c;不同的Action有不同的Data数据指定。比如&#xff1a;ACTION_EDIT Action应该和要编辑的文档URI Data匹配&#xff0c;ACTION_VIEW应用应该和要显示的URI匹配。
3.Intent的Category属性
Intent中的Category属性是一个执行动作Action的附加信息。比如&#xff1a;CATEGORY_HOME则表示放回到Home界面&#xff0c;ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY表示当前的Intent是一系列的可选动作中的一个。下表是SDK文档中关于Category的信息。
Constant | Meaning |
CATEGORY_BROWSABLE | The target activity can be safely invoked by the browser to display data referenced by a link — for example, an image or an e-mail message. |
CATEGORY_GADGET | The activity can be embedded inside of another activity that hosts gadgets. |
CATEGORY_HOME | The activity displays the home screen, the first screen the user sees when the device is turned on or when the HOME key is pressed. |
CATEGORY_LAUNCHER | The activity can be the initial activity of a task and is listed in the top-level application launcher. |
CATEGORY_PREFERENCE | The target activity is a preference panel. |
下面是一个回到Home界面的例子&#xff1a;
main.xml
- xml version&#61;"1.0" encoding&#61;"utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android&#61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation&#61;"vertical" android:layout_width&#61;"fill_parent"
- android:layout_height&#61;"fill_parent"
- >
- <TextView
- android:layout_width&#61;"fill_parent"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:text&#61;"测试Intent Category"
- />
- <Button
- android:id&#61;"&#64;&#43;id/Button1"
- android:layout_width&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:text&#61;"转到Home界面"
- />
- LinearLayout>
strings.xml
- xml version&#61;"1.0" encoding&#61;"utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <string name&#61;"hello">Hello World, MainActivity!string>
- <string name&#61;"app_name">IntentCategoryDemostring>
- resources>
MainActivity.java
- package com.android.category.activity;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
-
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private Button btn;
- &#64;Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
-
- btn &#61; (Button)findViewById(R.id.Button1);
- btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- &#64;Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- Intent intent &#61; new Intent();
- intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);// 添加Action属性
- intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);// 添加Category属性
- startActivity(intent);// 启动Activity
- }
- });
- }
- }
效果图&#xff1a;
4.Intent的Type属性
Intent的Type属性显式指定Intent的数据类型&#xff08;MIME&#xff09;。一般Intent的数据类型能够根据数据本身进行判定&#xff0c;但是通过设置这个属性&#xff0c;可以强制采用显式指定的类型而不再进行推导。
5.Intent的Compent属性
Intent的Compent属性指定Intent的的目标组件的类名称。通常 Android会根据Intent 中包含的其它属性的信息&#xff0c;比如action、data/type、category进行查找&#xff0c;最终找到一个与之匹配的目标组件。但是&#xff0c;如果 component这个属性有指定的话&#xff0c;将直接使用它指定的组件&#xff0c;而不再执行上述查找过程。指定了这个属性以后&#xff0c;Intent的其它所有属性都是可选的。
6.Intent的Extra属性
Intent的Extra属性是添加一些组件的附加信息。比如&#xff0c;如果我们要通过一个Activity来发送一个Email&#xff0c;就可以通过Extra属性来添加subject和body。
下面的例子在第一个Activity的EditText输入用户名&#xff0c;该年龄保存在Intent的Extras属性中。当单击Button时&#xff0c;会在第二个Activity中显示用户名。
first.xml
- xml version&#61;"1.0" encoding&#61;"utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android&#61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation&#61;"vertical"
- android:layout_width&#61;"fill_parent"
- android:layout_height&#61;"fill_parent"
- >
- <TextView
- android:layout_width&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:text&#61;"请输入用户名"
- />
- <EditText
- android:id&#61;"&#64;&#43;id/EditText1"
- android:layout_width&#61;"fill_parent"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- />
- <Button
- android:id&#61;"&#64;&#43;id/Button1"
- android:layout_width&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:text&#61;"测试Extras属性"
- />
- LinearLayout>
second.xml
- xml version&#61;"1.0" encoding&#61;"utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android&#61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation&#61;"vertical"
- android:layout_width&#61;"fill_parent"
- android:layout_height&#61;"fill_parent"
- >
- <TextView
- android:id&#61;"&#64;&#43;id/TextView1"
- android:layout_width&#61;"wrap_content"
- android:layout_height&#61;"wrap_content"
- />
- LinearLayout>
strings.xml
- xml version&#61;"1.0" encoding&#61;"utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <string name&#61;"hello">Hello World, FirstActivity!string>
- <string name&#61;"app_name">IntentExtrasDemostring>
- resources>
FirstActivity.java
- package com.android.extras.activity;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.EditText;
-
- public class FirstActivity extends Activity {
- private Button btn;
- private EditText etx;
-
- &#64;Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.first);
-
- btn &#61; (Button)findViewById(R.id.Button1);
- etx &#61; (EditText)findViewById(R.id.EditText1);
-
- btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- &#64;Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- Intent intent &#61; new Intent();
- //设置Intent的class属性&#xff0c;跳转到SecondActivity
- intent.setClass(FirstActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
- //为intent添加额外的信息
- intent.putExtra("useName", etx.getText().toString());
- //启动Activity
- startActivity(intent);
- }
- });
- }
- }
SecondActivity.java
- package com.android.extras.activity;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- public class SecondActivity extends Activity {
- private TextView tv;
-
- &#64;Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- //设置当前的Activity的界面布局
- setContentView(R.layout.second);
- //获得Intent
- Intent intent &#61; this.getIntent();
- tv &#61; (TextView)findViewById(R.id.TextView1);
- //从Intent获得额外信息&#xff0c;设置为TextView的文本
- tv.setText(intent.getStringExtra("useName"));
- }
- }
注意&#xff1a;在添加第二个Activity SecondActivity的时候&#xff0c;要在AndroidManifest.xml里面添加上SecondActivity&#xff0c;具体如下&#xff0c;即是在15行的后面添加上16~18行的代码。如果不这样做&#xff0c;就会在模拟器上出现错误。
- xml version&#61;"1.0" encoding&#61;"utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android&#61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package&#61;"com.android.extras.activity"
- android:versionCode&#61;"1"
- android:versionName&#61;"1.0">
- <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion&#61;"10" />
-
- <application android:icon&#61;"&#64;drawable/icon" android:label&#61;"&#64;string/app_name">
- <activity android:name&#61;".FirstActivity"
- android:label&#61;"&#64;string/app_name">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name&#61;"android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name&#61;"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- intent-filter>
- activity>
- <activity android:name&#61;".SecondActivity"
- android:label&#61;"&#64;string/app_name">
- activity>
- application>
- manifest>
效果图&#xff1a;
原博&#xff1a;http://liangruijun.blog.51cto.com/3061169/634411/