1、如果之前安装过docker,需要自行卸载
#1.卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
#2.删除目录
rm -rf /var/lib/docker #docker默认的工作路径
#3.镜像加速器(docker优化)
- 登录阿里云找到容器镜像服务
- 找到镜像加速地址
- 配置使用
#4.卸载旧的版本
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
2、初始化系统环境
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
3、安装yum源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
4、安装docker
yum install docker-ce -y
5、docker优化
打开阿里云官网 产品 --> 容器与中间件 --> 容器与镜像服务ACR --> 管理控制台 --> 镜像加速器 --> CentOS
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["xxx.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
6、设置开机自启动
systemctl enable --now docker
7、检查docker
# 第一种方式
docker run -d -P nginx
# 第二种方式
docker info
镜像就是启动一个容器的模板。--->QQ.exe
容器就是对外提供服务的进程。或者容器就是镜像启动起来的一个实例。---->QQ
仓库是用来存放镜像的地方。
常用镜像仓库
官方仓库:hub.docker.com
自己的私有仓库:Harbor
阿里云私有仓库:registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
搜索镜像
#格式
docker search [镜像名称]
# 实例
拉取镜像
# 格式
docker pull [镜像名称]
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
# 层
a076a628af6f: Already exists
f40dd07fe7be: Pull complete
ce21c8a3dbee: Pull complete
ee99c35818f8: Pull complete
56b9a72e68ff: Pull complete
3f703e7f380f: Pull complete
# 镜像ID号(镜像ID号是全球唯一)
Digest: sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4801fd0882c72bf7cad3a13494
# 镜像下载状态
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
# 镜像的全称(镜像的tag)
docker.io/library/redis:latest
查看当前系统上的有哪些镜像
# 格式
docker images 或者 docker image ls
# 参数
-q : 只显示镜像ID
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images -q
621ceef7494a
f6d0b4767a6c
# 收藏量大于500的
[root@docker ~]# docker search -f stars=500 mysql
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 11028 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open s... 4178 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea... 820 [OK]
# 是官方的
[root@docker ~]# docker search mysql -f is-official=true
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 11028 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open s... 4178 [OK]
获取镜像的详细信息
# 格式
docker inspect [镜像名称或镜像ID]
# 参数
-f : 格式化输出
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.Id}}' 621ceef7494a
sha256:621ceef7494adfcbe0e523593639f6625795cc0dc91a750629367a8c7b3ccebb
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.ContainerConfig.Hostname}}' redis
16535cfaf84a
登录镜像仓库
# 格式
docker login
注: 默认情况下,docker login登录的是官方仓库,如果登录其他镜像仓库则需要指定镜像仓库的URL连接。
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker login registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
Username: yangyang091022
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@Centos7 ~]# cat ~/.docker/config.json
{
"auths": {
"registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com": {
"auth": "eWFuZ3lhbmcwOTEwMjI6Y2hlbjE4NzkwMDcwODMw"
}
}
}
# 参数
--username|-u : 指定用户名
--password|-p : 指定密码
为镜像标签
# 镜像标签的构成
docker.io/library/redis:latest
docker.io : 镜像仓库的URL
library :镜像仓库命名空间
redis : 镜像名称
latest : 镜像版本号
# 打标签
# 格式
docker tag [镜像ID] 镜像标签
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 months ago 133MB
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker tag 621ceef7494a registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis v2 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 months ago 133MB
镜像上传
# 格式
docker push [镜像标签]
# 注:要想上传镜像,首先得登录镜像仓库,其次设置对应镜像仓库的tag
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis]
3480f9cdd491: Pushed
a24a292d0184: Pushed
f927192cc30c: Pushed
1450b8f0019c: Pushed
8e14cb7841fa: Pushed
cb42413394c4: Pushed
v2: digest: sha256:7ef832c720188ac7898dbd8d1e237b0738e94f94fc7e981cb7b8efe84555e892 size: 1572
镜像的删除
# 格式
docker rmi [镜像名称或者镜像ID]
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi nginx
# 参数
-f : 强制删除
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi -f nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
# 注:当有容器正在使用镜像时,强制删除镜像,只能删除镜像的所有tag, 不会删除镜像。
清空镜像
# 格式
docker image prune
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Total reclaimed space: 0B
# 参数
-a : 删除所有镜像
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune -a
WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
untagged: redis:latest
untagged: redis@sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4801fd0882c72bf7cad3a13494
untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2
untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis@sha256:7ef832c720188ac7898dbd8d1e237b0738e94f94fc7e981cb7b8efe84555e892
deleted: sha256:621ceef7494adfcbe0e523593639f6625795cc0dc91a750629367a8c7b3ccebb
deleted: sha256:de66cfbf4712b8ba9ef292e08ef7487be26d9d21b350548e400ae351405d820e
deleted: sha256:79b2381e35429e8fc04d31b3445f069c22d288bf5c4cba7b7c10004ff78ae201
deleted: sha256:1d047d19be363b00139990d4d7f392dabdb0809dbc9d0fbe67c1f15b8caed27a
deleted: sha256:8c41f4e708c37059df28ae1cabc200a6db2fee45bd3a2cadcf70f2765bb68730
deleted: sha256:b51317bef36fe1900be48402c8a41fcd9cdb6b8950c10209f764473cb8323371
Total reclaimed space: 35.04MB
[root@Centos7 ~]#
查看镜像历史(镜像的构建历史)
# 格式
docker history [镜像ID或镜像名称]
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker history alpine
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
7731472c3f2a 2 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh"] 0B
保存镜像(commit)
# 保存正在运行的容器直接为镜像
# 格式:
docker commit [容器ID|容器名称]
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker commit -a "baim0" -m "这是一个docker镜像" -p be3b92e2886b test:v1
sha256:4a06cd2af42877b5e2908073061f7ae1bf9e308a470bdfc0c6f906ef368aaed8
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test v1 4a06cd2af428 5 seconds ago 104MB
保存镜像(import/export)
# 保存正在运行的容器为镜像压缩包
## 保存容器为镜像
docker export [容器的ID] > [包名称]
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker export be3b92e2886b > redis.tar
[root@Centos7 ~]# ll | grep redis
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104178688 Mar 18 17:30 redis.tar
## docker import [包名称] [自定义镜像名称]
# 实例
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker import redis.tar test:v3
sha256:7776db3402fb8d59f6121a3b1977b5e7016f4064cf59218fd1b06637cb0fca87
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test v3 7776db3402fb 6 seconds ago 101MB
保存镜像(save/load)
# 保存镜像为压缩包
# 保存镜像的格式:
docker save [镜像名称|镜像ID] > [包名称]
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker save 7731472c3f2a > apline.tar
[root@Centos7 ~]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker save -o apline-two.tar 7731472c3f2a
[root@Centos7 ~]# ll
total 148692
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar
-rw-------. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:37 apline-two.tar
# 导入镜像的格式:
docker load <[包名称]
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker load
Loaded image ID: sha256:7731472c3f2a25edbb9c085c78f42ec71259f2b83485aa60648276d408865839
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
# 注:save/load保存镜像无法自定义镜像名称,save保存镜像时如果使用ID保存则load导入镜像无名称,使用名称导入时才有名称。
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker save busybox:latest > busybox.tar
[root@Centos7 ~]# ll
total 150120
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1459200 Mar 18 17:43 busybox.tar
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi b97242f89c8a
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:c5439d7db88ab5423999530349d327b04279ad3161d7596d2126dfb5b02bfd1f
Deleted: sha256:b97242f89c8a29d13aea12843a08441a4bbfc33528f55b60366c1d8f6923d0d4
Deleted: sha256:0064d0478d0060343cb2888ff3e91e718f0bffe9994162e8a4b310adb2a5ff74
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker load
Loaded image: busybox:latest
[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB
保存镜像三种方式的区别
1、export保存的镜像体积要小于save(save保存更完全,export保存会丢掉一些不必要的数据)
2、export可以重命名镜像名称而save则不行
3、save可以同时保存多个镜像而export则不行
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaokunhao/p/14919754.html