[转载]linux设置系统时间

原文地址：linux设置系统时间作者：风格懒妞

我们一般使用“date-s”命令来修改系统时间。比如将系统时间设定成20066年10月19日的命令如下。
#date -s 19/10/2006
将系统时间设定成下午1点12分0秒的命令如下。
#date -s 13:12:00

---- 注意，这里说的是系统时间，是linux由操作系统维护的。
----在系统启动时，Linux操作系统将时间从CMOS中读到系统时间变量中，以后修改时间通过修改系统时间实现。为了保持系统时间与CMOS时间的一致性，Linux每隔一段时间会将系统时间写入CMOS。由于该同步是每隔一段时间（大约是11分钟）进行的，在我们执行date-s后，如果马上重起机器，修改时间就有可能没有被写入CMOS,这就是问题的原因。如果要确保修改生效可以执行如下命令。

---- #clock -w

---- 这个命令强制把系统时间写入CMOS。

[root@mail ~]# date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

  -d,--date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not `now'
  -f,--file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
  -ITIMESPEC,--iso-8601[=TIMESPEC]  output date/time in ISO 8601 format.
                            TIMESPEC=`date' for date only,
                            `hours', `minutes', or `seconds' for date and
                            time to the indicated precision.
                           --iso-8601 without TIMESPEC defaults to `date'.
  -r,--reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE
  -R,--rfc-2822            output RFC-2822 compliant date string
  -s,--set=STRING          set time described by STRING
  -u, --utc,--universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time
     --help    显示此帮助信息并离开
     --version  显示版本信息并离开

FORMAT controls the output.  The only valid option for the second form
specifies Coordinated Universal Time.  Interpreted sequences are:

  %%   a literal %
  %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
  %A   locale's full weekday name, variable length (Sunday..Saturday)
  %b   locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
  %B   locale's full month name, variable length (January..December)
  %c   locale's date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
  %C   century (year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer) [00-99]
  %d   day of month (01..31)
  %D   date (mm/dd/yy)
  %e   day of month, blank padded ( 1..31)
  %F   same as %Y-%m-%d
  %g   the 2-digit year corresponding to the %V week number
  %G   the 4-digit year corresponding to the %V week number
  %h   same as %b
  %H   hour (00..23)
  %I   hour (01..12)
  %j   day of year (001..366)
  %k   hour ( 0..23)
  %l   hour ( 1..12)
  %m   month (01..12)
  %M   minute (00..59)
  %n   a newline
  %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
  %p   locale's upper case AM or PM indicator (blank in many locales)
  %P   locale's lower case am or pm indicator (blank in many locales)
  %r   time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
  %R   time, 24-hour (hh:mm)
  %s   seconds since `00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC' (a GNU extension)
  %S   second (00..60); the 60 is necessary to accommodate a leap second
  %t   a horizontal tab
  %T   time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
  %u   day of week (1..7);  1 represents Monday
  %U   week number of year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
  %V   week number of year with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
  %w   day of week (0..6);  0 represents Sunday
  %W   week number of year with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
  %x   locale's date representation (mm/dd/yy)
  %X   locale's time representation (%H:%M:%S)
  %y   last two digits of year (00..99)
  %Y   year (1970...)
  %z   RFC-2822 style numeric timezone (-0500) (a nonstandard extension)
  %Z   time zone (e.g., EDT), or nothing if no time zone is determinable

By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.  GNU date recognizes
the following modifiers between `%' and a numeric directive.

  `-' (hyphen) do not pad the field
  `_' (underscore) pad the field with spaces

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