[Android]单元测试实例

转自&＃xff1a;http://yuanzhifei89.iteye.com/blog/1122104 作者&＃xff1a;yuanzhifei



[b]测试相关资源 [/b]

让开发自动化: 用 Eclipse 插件提高代码质量[url&＃61;http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-ap01117/index.html]http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-ap01117/index.html[/url]



代码测试覆盖率介绍&＃xff1a;[url&＃61;http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/29/1424344.html]http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/29/1424344.html[/url]





[b]学习android单元测试时遇到的一些问题&＃xff1a;[/b]

1.开始以为单元测试一定要从程序的launch Activity&＃xff0c;一步一步的跳转到所要测试的Activity能对其进行测试。

但实际上&＃xff0c;我们可以从任意一个activity开始&＃xff0c;对任意一个activity进行测试。



2.在运行单元测试之前&＃xff0c;一定要先将要测试的程序安装到模拟器或真机上。



[b]junit相关 [/b]

android中的测试框架是扩展的junit3&＃xff0c;所以在学习android中的单元测试签&＃xff0c;可以先熟悉下junit3的使用&＃xff0c;junit3要学习的东西应该并不多&＃xff0c;就几页纸的东西。入门可以参考这个&＃xff1a;[url&＃61;http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/49994]http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/49994 [/url]



[b]android单元测试框架中涉及的注解[/b]

&＃64;Suppress 可以用在类或这方法上&＃xff0c;这样该类或者该方法就不会被执行

&＃64;UiThreadTest 可以用在方法上&＃xff0c;这样该方法就会在程序的ui线程上执行

&＃64;LargeTest, &＃64;MediumTest, &＃64;SmallTest 用在方法上&＃xff0c;标记所属的测试类型&＃xff0c;主要是用于单独执行其中的某一类测试时使用。具体参考InstrumentationTestRunner类的文档。

&＃64;Smoke 具体用法还不清楚



[b]android单元测试框架中涉及的一些类的uml[/b]



[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513766/4db7f7f4-80a0-3831-9013-0f23e79b69ba.png[/img]





[b]接下来我们以demo project来讲解如何使用android中的单元测试[/b]

主要包括了三个activity&＃xff1a;

MainActivity&＃xff1a;仅包含一个button&＃xff0c;点击后就可以进入LoginActivity



LoginActivity&＃xff1a;可以输入username, password&＃xff0c;然后点击submit的话可进入HomeActivity&＃xff0c;如果点击reset的话&＃xff0c;输入的内容就会被清空



HomeActivity&＃xff1a;在TextView中显示LoginActivity输入的内容



[b]首先我们创建要测试的项目demo&＃xff08;使用了2.1&＃xff09;[/b]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513754/799321ed-ed41-344d-a9dd-4dd0e7579cb3.png[/img]



[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513756/c176e312-28fa-33c9-8370-347aa4298890.png[/img]



[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513758/807f08b9-02be-3a49-bb49-248db3ccc4b8.png[/img]







[b]MainActivity代码 [/b]

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private static final boolean DEBUG &＃61; true;
private static final String TAG &＃61; "-- MainActivity";

&＃64;Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
}

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.act_main);
View toLoginView &＃61; findViewById(R.id.to_login);
toLoginView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "toLoginView clicked");
}

Intent intent &＃61; new Intent(getApplicationContext(), LoginActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
}



[b]MainActivity的布局文件[/b]

xmlns:android&＃61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"fill_parent"
>
android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/to_login"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity&＃61;"bottom"
android:text&＃61;"to login" />




[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513760/0011a959-1bbd-391b-9ef2-05453b68531e.png[/img]



[b]LoginActivity代码[/b]


public class LoginActivity extends Activity {
private static final boolean DEBUG &＃61; true;
private static final String TAG &＃61; "-- LoginActivity";

private EditText mUsernameView;
private EditText mPasswordView;

&＃64;Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
}

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.act_login);
mUsernameView &＃61; (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);
mPasswordView &＃61; (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);

View submitView &＃61; findViewById(R.id.submit);
submitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "submitView clicked");
}

Intent intent &＃61; new Intent(getApplicationContext(), HomeActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_USERNAME, mUsernameView.getText().toString());
intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_PASSWORD, mPasswordView.getText().toString());
startActivity(intent);
}
});

View resetView &＃61; findViewById(R.id.reset);
resetView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "resetView clicked");
}

mUsernameView.setText("");
mPasswordView.setText("");
mUsernameView.requestFocus();
}
});
}
}


[b]LoginActivity的布局文件[/b]


xmlns:android&＃61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:orientation&＃61;"vertical"
>
android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/label_username"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:text&＃61;"username:" />

android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/username"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:inputType&＃61;"text" />

android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/label_password"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:text&＃61;"password:" />

android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/password"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:inputType&＃61;"textPassword" />



android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/submit"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:text&＃61;"submit" />

android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/reset"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:text&＃61;"reset" />




[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513764/f2410f24-991a-34a4-9cdc-b56bf0fe9148.png[/img]



[b]HomeActivity代码[/b]


public class HomeActivity extends Activity {
private static final boolean DEBUG &＃61; true;
private static final String TAG &＃61; "-- HomeActivity";

public static final String EXTRA_USERNAME &＃61; "yuan.activity.username";
public static final String EXTRA_PASSWORD &＃61; "yuan.activity.password";

&＃64;Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
}
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Intent intent &＃61; getIntent();
StringBuilder sb &＃61; new StringBuilder();
sb.append("username:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_USERNAME)).append("\n");
sb.append("password:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_PASSWORD));

setContentView(R.layout.act_home);
TextView loginContentView &＃61; (TextView) findViewById(R.id.login_content);
loginContentView.setText(sb.toString());
}
}



[b]HomeActivity的布局文件 [/b]


xmlns:android&＃61;"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"fill_parent"
>
android:id&＃61;"&＃64;&＃43;id/login_content"
android:layout_width&＃61;"fill_parent"
android:layout_height&＃61;"wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity&＃61;"center_vertical"
android:gravity&＃61;"center"
android:textColor&＃61;"#EEE"
android:textStyle&＃61;"bold"
android:textSize&＃61;"25sp" />



[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513762/27e986b0-fe63-349e-86b3-05a7560dc568.png[/img]



程序非常简单&＃xff0c;接下来我们为demo创建单元测试工程demo_unittest

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513748/326f401f-3546-3dfd-a100-b51eb6054304.png[/img]



选择之前创建的工程demo&＃xff0c;然后eclipse会自动帮我们设定api level&＃xff0c;包名等。&＃xff08;测试用例的包名一般就是在要测试类的包名后加上test&＃xff09;

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513750/2aab55e5-f020-3ad8-b565-b9520cdb5bce.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513752/4dd2ec86-e033-3669-87d6-0206d127feba.png[/img]





创建完后eclipse会自动为我们创建好所需的目录&＃xff0c;Manifest.xml文件

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513768/f47260f5-ef91-3aec-9478-9b7f4cb013bd.png[/img]



[b]接下来就是为要测试的类编写测试用例。关于要用哪个测试用例类&＃xff0c;在第一张UML图中也做了简要的说明。 [/b]

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2&＃xff1a;主要是用于进行activity的功能测试&＃xff0c;和activity的交互测试&＃xff0c;如activity间的跳转&＃xff0c;ui的交互等。



ActivityInstrumentationTestCase&＃xff1a;这个类现在已deprecated了&＃xff0c;所以不许考虑。



SingleLaunchActivityTestCase&＃xff1a;该测试用例仅掉用setUp和tearDown一次&＃xff0c;而不像其它测试用例类一样&＃xff0c;没调用一次测试方法就会重新调用一次setUp和tearDown。所以主要测试activity是否能够正确处理多次调用。



ActivityUnitTestCase&＃xff1a;主要用于测试Activity&＃xff0c;因为它允许注入MockContext和MockApplicaton&＃xff0c;所以可以测试Activity在不同资源和应用下的情况。



还有Application等的测试用例比较简单&＃xff0c;看uml图。如果觉得不够详细&＃xff0c;可以参考sdk文档的dev guide和api reference。



[b]MainActivityTest测试用例[/b]


public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 {
private static final String TAG &＃61; "&＃61;&＃61;&＃61; MainActivityTest";

private Instrumentation mInstrument;
private MainActivity mActivity;
private View mToLoginView;

public MainActivityTest() {
super("yuan.activity", MainActivity.class);
}

&＃64;Override
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
mInstrument &＃61; getInstrumentation();
// 启动被测试的Activity
mActivity &＃61; getActivity();
mToLoginView &＃61; mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.to_login);
}

public void testPreConditions() {
// 在执行测试之前&＃xff0c;确保程序的重要对象已被初始化
assertTrue(mToLoginView !&＃61; null);
}


//mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
// public void run() {
// mToLoginView.requestFocus();
// mToLoginView.performClick();
// }
//});
&＃64;UiThreadTest
public void testToLogin() {
// &＃64;UiThreadTest注解使整个方法在UI线程上执行&＃xff0c;等同于上面注解掉的代码
mToLoginView.requestFocus();
mToLoginView.performClick();
}

&＃64;Suppress
public void testNotCalled() {
// 使用了&＃64;Suppress注解的方法不会被测试
Log.i(TAG, "method &＃39;testNotCalled&＃39; is called");
}

&＃64;Override
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}
}





[b]LoginActivityTest测试用例 [/b]


public class LoginActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 {
private static final String TAG &＃61; "&＃61;&＃61;&＃61; LoginActivityTest";

private Instrumentation mInstrument;
private LoginActivity mActivity;
private EditText mUsernameView;
private EditText mPasswordView;
private View mSubmitView;
private View mResetView;

public LoginActivityTest() {
super("yuan.activity", LoginActivity.class);
}

&＃64;Override
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
/*
* 要向程序发送key事件的话&＃xff0c;必须在getActivity之前调用该方法来关闭touch模式
* 否则key事件会被忽略
*/
setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);

mInstrument &＃61; getInstrumentation();
mActivity &＃61; getActivity();
Log.i(TAG, "current activity: " &＃43; mActivity.getClass().getName());
mUsernameView &＃61; (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.username);
mPasswordView &＃61; (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.password);
mSubmitView &＃61; mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.submit);
mResetView &＃61; mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.reset);
}

public void testPreConditions() {
assertTrue(mUsernameView !&＃61; null);
assertTrue(mPasswordView !&＃61; null);
assertTrue(mSubmitView !&＃61; null);
assertTrue(mResetView !&＃61; null);
}

public void testInput() {
input();
assertEquals("yuan", mUsernameView.getText().toString());
assertEquals("1123", mPasswordView.getText().toString());
}

public void testSubmit() {
input();
mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
mSubmitView.requestFocus();
mSubmitView.performClick();
}
});
}

public void testReset() {
input();
mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
mResetView.requestFocus();
mResetView.performClick();
}
});
assertEquals("", mUsernameView.getText().toString());
assertEquals("", mPasswordView.getText().toString());
}

&＃64;Override
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}

private void input() {
mActivity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
mUsernameView.requestFocus();
}
});
// 因为测试用例运行在单独的线程上&＃xff0c;这里最好要
// 同步application&＃xff0c;等待其执行完后再运行
mInstrument.waitForIdleSync();
sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_Y, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_U,
KeyEvent.KEYCODE_A, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_N);

// 效果同上面sendKeys之前的代码
mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
mPasswordView.requestFocus();
}
});
sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_1, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_1,
KeyEvent.KEYCODE_2, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_3);
}
}




[b]HomeActivityTest测试用例[/b]


public class HomeActivityTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase {
private static final String TAG &＃61; "&＃61;&＃61;&＃61; HomeActivityTest";

private static final String LOGIN_CONTENT &＃61; "username:yuan\npassword:1123";

private HomeActivity mHomeActivity;
private TextView mLoginContentView;

public HomeActivityTest() {
super(HomeActivity.class);
}

&＃64;Override
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
Intent intent &＃61; new Intent();
intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_USERNAME, "yuan");
intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_PASSWORD, "1123");
// HomeActivity有extra参数&＃xff0c;所以我们需要以intent来启动它
mHomeActivity &＃61; launchActivityWithIntent("yuan.activity", HomeActivity.class, intent);
mLoginContentView &＃61; (TextView) mHomeActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.login_content);
}

public void testLoginContent() {
assertEquals(LOGIN_CONTENT, mLoginContentView.getText().toString());
}

&＃64;Override
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}
}





[b]接下来是运行测试用例&＃xff0c;首先我们需要把要测试的程序安装到模拟器或真机上[/b]



[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513770/19f8fa10-06cf-3055-8b2a-9dac7dd9dd6c.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513772/b74099a9-6415-3784-9175-1bbaebc1477f.png[/img]





运行测试用例&＃xff0c;查看运行结果



[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513774/6047f3b1-3044-3d5f-b3a7-509b3aebf909.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513776/96525d0f-c157-36b3-9c4a-da1796b40e6e.png[/img]





[b]这里仅仅讲了使用eclipse来进行单元测试&＃xff0c;当然也是可以在命令行中进行单元测试的&＃xff0c;但既然有eclipse这种图形界面的工具&＃xff0c;就不再折腾什么命令行了。

还有就是测试用例也可以直接创建在源程序中&＃xff08;即源代码和测试代码放在一个项目中&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;具体怎么做的话google一些吧&＃xff0c;就是把测试时涉及的一些Manifest元素移到源码工程的Manifest中等[/b]